Eczema in children

Eczema in children in the early period of development in the clinical picture is characterized by a number of features. The first skin rash in 72% of newborns is noted in the first six months of life. Eczema in children from one year to two years, usually proceeds with mocclusion and is associated with exudative diathesis. Most often, lesions capture the forehead and cheeks, then pass over the entire face and scalp. In this case, diffuse reddening of the skin, swelling. Eczema in children in true form is accompanied by rapid opening of the emerging vesicles and erosion of the surface. Defeat, as a rule, does not capture the nasolabial triangle and nose. However, the process quickly spreads to other areas from the scalp. In this case, the lesions differ in symmetry. Often there is eczema on the palms. However, lesions can be localized in any area of the cover. Foci differ in the fuzzy boundaries.

Eczema in children is characterized by a strong (biopsy) persistent itching, which worries throughout the day. Such manifestations are more often observed when a skin disease is combined with diseases in the digestive organs.

Children with eczema are disturbed by sleep. On examination, the pastosity of the skin with a pale pink (pale) color, fullness with inelastic but loose fatty tissue, as well as a reduced turgor in soft tissues is noted.

Impetigious, seborrhoeic, pruriginous and microbial forms of eczema are often diagnosed. The addition of pyogenic infection provokes the formation of impetigonous pustules or folliculitis on the lesion sites. The condition is accompanied by a frequent increase in temperature. Cortex on the skin becomes a yellow-green color, layered, in some cases lymphadenitis joins.

With the untidy content of children, frequent diarrhea develops impetiginoznaya eczema on the buttocks. At the older age (from five to fourteen years), there is a disseminated manifestation of the disease with the spread of foci of lesions along the skin of the trunk. In rare cases, lesions are distributed over the skin of the face and in even more rare cases - over the skin of the limbs. The foci have, as a rule, an oval irregular shape and are represented by spots or infiltrated plaques.

Acute cases of eczema are characterized by the development of phenomena of exudation, chronic forms - proliferation. In the dermis and epidermis (in particular in the spinous layer) there is swelling. Intercellular edema, expanding cells, forms cavities of different sizes. Malpighian layer forms infiltrated cells, which are similar to microabscesses. The chronic form is accompanied by acanthosis and parakeratosis in the epidermis.

With a genetic predisposition to atopy, a chronic relapsing eczema develops atopic.

The increase in morbidity is associated with psychoemotional loads, environmental problems and food quality. In addition, the development of the disease is affected by the reduction in the duration of breastfeeding, the error in feeding the mother during lactation and pregnancy, and toxicosis. The aggravation of the disease can be provoked by viral, fungal or bacterial infections. The reasons may be unfavorable meteorological factors (sharp temperature changes, insufficient light irradiation, increased humidity).

Diagnosis of atopic dermatitis in the first five years of life. More than half of the children develop the disease in the first year. In the process of growing up, the manifestations of an ailment may weaken, and in some cases even disappear. However, in many patients the symptoms persist throughout life.

The development of atopic eczema in many cases is accompanied by the onset of asthma or allergy.