Do you know Pushkin's pseudonym?

The aliases help to better understand the creativity of poets and writers, to learn more about their biography. Many writers are known by names that are not given to them at birth: Maxim Gorky (AM Peshkov), Anatole France (Anatole Thibaut). The article is devoted to the answer to the question: "What was Pushkin's pseudonym?"

A bit of theory

Keeping their surname in the works, writers and poets still use fictitious names - pseudonyms - when signing individual works. What is this for?

• To deceive censorship.
• Because of class prejudice.
• With known namesake.
• To achieve a comic effect.
• To give the name of sonority and the right associations.
• With a pen sample. It is interesting to know the pseudonym of Pushkin in his youth, when he did not know how much his works would appeal to readers.

V. Dmitriev wrote a monograph devoted to "false names" - "Those who hid their name". In it he singled out 57 kinds of pseudonyms, which the authors use. For example, anonyms , when the name is read in reverse order: Ivan Krylov - Navi Volyk; Cryptonyms, when the initials or other abbreviations are applied: KN Batiushkov - B-s .

The poet's family

Pushkin's legacy is still the subject of research by scientists who are making new discoveries and trying to explain why the genius of literature used this or that signature. His name is overgrown with myths and legends, one of which is related to the fact that he did not die in a duel, but created in the future under the name of Dumas. To understand what he was for Russia, you need to get a little closer to his roots. Alexander Pushkin comes from a family with a rich pedigree. His great-grandfather, Abram Hannibal, was a "pupil" of Peter I. His father, Sergei Lvovich, left his military service in order to realize himself in literary creation. Was a famous poet and uncle Vasily Lvovich, one of the first to recognize the talent of his nephew.

The noble lineage and respected surname, which I wanted to glorify, led to the fact that the author did not take a permanent pseudonym. Pushkin was forced to put someone else's signature under a number of works other circumstances. The poet's family was not wealthy, but under the patronage of AI Turgenev, the young man was among the scions of the best noble families sent to a new educational institution-the Lyceum, located in the wing of the Tsarskoye Selo Palace, which was a sign of the highest goodwill.

Lyceum period

He became one of the 30 talented young men who entered the first year of 19.10.1811 to continue to serve the Fatherland in departments, the army and the fleet in the future. For six years the future great poet was among the wonderful teachers of that time, encouraging reading and paying attention to moral, physical and aesthetic education. All students perfectly composed, the verses of one of them - A. Delvig - were put on music and turned into a hymn to the Lyceum. It was here that the poetic talent of the future genius blossomed.

He had no success in mathematical disciplines, but he was the first at the lessons of Russian literature. His talent was noted: the great G. Derzhavin, the historian N. Karamzin, the outstanding poet V. Zhukovsky. Pushkin's pseudonym appeared on the pages of printed publications already in the Lyceum years. These were the magazines "Herald of Europe", "Son of the Fatherland" and "Russian Museum".

First publication

The poem "To a friend of the poet" was written by a young man at the age of 14. According to one of the versions, in 1814 he was sent to a journal published by A.V. Izmailov, a longtime acquaintance of the Pushkin family, Alexander Delvig. The Frenchman and Egozu (the nickname Pushkin) friends considered the most talented, but he did not have a single publication, although some of the lyceum students had already distinguished themselves. Poems like the editorial board, but they were not signed, and the author received a letter on the need to solve this problem. The signature he used was the first pseudonym of Pushkin in his youth. Deciphering it does not cause difficulties, although he applied simultaneously anonymous and cryptonym: Alexander N.k.sp. He removed his vowels from his surname, writing it backwards.

It is known that his uncle Vasily Lvovich often used a name without a vowel instead of a vowel, but in direct order: P.S.K. Young Pushkin, on the one hand, showed independence, on the other - demonstrated that he is connected with his uncle-writer.

Other aliases

During the years of the lyceum life, the poet wrote about a hundred poems, included in the collection of works. Four times he was published in the "Bulletin of Europe", signing the works not only of N.K.p., but also the letter P. and digital, for example, 1 ... 14-16. If instead of digits substitute the letters of the alphabet, we will see the initial of the name, the last and first letter of the surname. What pseudonym of Pushkin fundamentally differs from this approach? Already with "Reminiscences in Tsarskoye Selo" ("Russian Museum"), he puts his own signature. It is with this poem that success comes to him.

He is accepted into the poetic circle "Arzamas", which also included V. Zhukovsky. Subsequently, in memory of these times he signs some of his creations: Arz. (Arzamasets), Art. Ar. (Old Arzamasets), St. ... ch.k (cricket - a nickname among the circles). He also subscribed to fictitious names. Thus, two pamphlets were written in the name of Theophylact Kosichkin. The researchers also found other signatures of the great poet: Yehuda Chlamid, Frenchman, Davidov, Ivanov, and even Ya. This pseudonym of Pushkin was used so that verses could be attributed to Yazykov. After leaving the service and becoming a publisher, Pushkin sometimes wanted to engage in polemics with the author, for which all these names were applied. The "Belkin's Tale" stands apart, where in the foreword the author even came up with the biographies of the deceased Belkin, who allegedly is the author.

The prophecy of N. Karamzin

The great Russian historian was not alien to the lyrics and at the beginning of 1799 wrote a poetic "Prophecy". The final line in it was the statement about the birth in 1799 of the new Pindar (ancient Greek poet V-IV centuries BC, the founder of odic poetry). His prediction came true. It was this year that the genius of Russian literature was born, to which a great destiny was destined. And let him never signed his creations in the name of the ancient Greek author, you can say: Pindar is a pseudonym of Pushkin, appropriated to him by right of N.M. Karamzin.