Conjugation. The rule of conjugation of verbs

How to identify conjugation? The conjugation rule is studied at school for several hours. However, not every student is able to remember it without good practice. In this regard, we decided to remind you of what a verbal conjugation is. The conjugation rule will also be presented to your attention along with relevant examples.

general information

The definition of a particular conjugation of the verb puts a fairly large number of people into a stupor. Especially often this problem occurs during the creation of any written text. And in order not to be regarded as a semi-literate person, the endings of verbs should necessarily be written correctly. But for this you need to know all the rules about conjugation.

What is conjugation?

The conjugation is the grammatical category of verbs, which determines its change in numbers and persons, and also dictates which letter should be written in the dubious ending.

In modern Russian, there are 2 conjugations of verbs, which are named respectively: the first and second. Depending on which of the above refers to a particular word, the letter is selected in the ending. By the way, do not forget that past verbs have no conjugation. The rule of conjugation says that in such words there are no endings in which one can doubt.

On how to determine conjugation

To correctly write a verb, you should always remember the rules for conjugation.

So, let's look at them in more detail. In order to find out what conjugation of a verb, to determine which vowel letter in its end should be written, it is necessary to look at where the stressed word falls in stress. In the event that the ending itself is under the shock position, then everything becomes clear with its spelling. This is due to the fact that the vowel letter is in a strong position, and therefore no doubts should arise.

But what can you do if you still need to find out what kind of word conjugation is? The rule of conjugation says that it is determined by the vowel itself. Thus, if under the stress are the letters "e", "y" or "y", then we can safely indicate that the verb being verified refers to the first conjugation. If the strong position is occupied by the "I" or "a", then this is the second conjugation.

Examples of determination of conjugations by impact terminations

Here are specific examples that will help you remember the rules for conjugations:

• SPYT is a verb of an imperfect kind. The stress in it falls on the ending -yat. Accordingly, this word refers to the second conjugation.
• Nesut is a verb of an imperfect kind. The stress in it falls on the ending -out. Accordingly, this word refers to the first conjugation.

Verbs with a prefix

The rule for determining conjugation, described above, concerns almost all verbs. However, pupils often have difficulties with the words that begin with the prefix. This is due to the fact that in most cases, the stress falls precisely on it. Here is an example: If you are faced with this situation, then experts recommend simply drop this morpheme and consider the word without using a prefix. For example, in the fire - it's hot. The resulting verb has an imperfect form and a second conjugation. Accordingly, and the initial word, from which it was formed, refers to it.

What if the stress does not fall on the verb end?

Now you know that for literate writing, you should always apply the above rule. Conjugation of verbs is fairly easy to determine. But if it is problematic for you, it is recommended to create a table on a separate sheet that will contain all the features of the rule.

So, with those cases, when the stress falls on the ending, and also with the prefix, you understood. But how to determine the conjugation of a verb, if its ending stands in an unstressed position? In this case, it should be determined by the infinitive. What it is? For those who have forgotten, this term refers to an indefinite (or initial) form of the verb that answers questions such as "what to do?" And "what to do?".

Examples of determining the 1st conjugation by unstressed endings

If before you the word, the stress of which does not fall on the ending, then what rule should be applied? Conjugation of verbs includes many nuances. And in order to correctly write the required text, you should know them all.

Let us consider how the conjugation of verbs is determined, the ending of which takes an unstressed position:

• Draws (what does?) - this is an imperfective verb. Quite a lot of students write it with an error, instead of ending -et putting-it (draws). But this is not true. In order to correctly write the given word, it is necessary to put it in an indefinite form: draws - (what to do?) To draw.
• He will say (what he will do?) Is a verb of the perfect kind. When writing it, it's also easy to make a mistake, instead of ending -et putting-it (say). To determine which vowel should be used in the last syllable, the word must be similarly transformed into an infinitive: say - (what to do?) Say.

So, what gives us this rule of the Russian language? Conjugation of verbs in this case depends on their initial form. Thus, if the infinitive ends in -yat, -et, -yat, -at, -or or -yat, then the verified word refers to the first conjugation. Accordingly, the personal ending of these words will be as follows: -et, -you, -em, -em, -youth, -out. Also possible -y and -y.

Examples of determining 2nd conjugation by unstressed endings

Rule 2 of conjugation is analogous to the 1st. To begin with, we give a few examples:

• Go (what do you do?) - this is an imperfective verb. Very often, instead of an unstressed ending, they write students-you. In order to correctly write this word, it needs to be put in the initial form: go - (what to do?) To walk.
• Spend (what do you do?) - this is an imperfective verb. Instead of ending it, the students mistakenly put it-you. For its correct spelling, the verb should also be put in an undefined form: spend - (what to do?) To spend.

Based on these examples, we can safely conclude that the verbs of the second conjugation are those verbs whose initial form ends in -it. In this case, the personal endings of such words will be as follows: -it, -you, -it, -em, -yat, -at. Also possible -y and -y.

Exceptions to the rules

All rules have their own exceptions. So, the words "zybits", "shaving", "zizhditsya" and "laying" must be attributed to the first conjugation, even though in the initial form they end in "-it." Thus, their personal endings will be as follows: shave - shave, shave; To be based on - is based; Stelit - steklet, stellite, etc.

Among other things, this rule includes such words as exceptions, such as "offend", "look", "hate", "tolerate", "hold", "see", "hear", "twirl", "depend "," Breathe, "" drive. " All these expressions refer to the second conjugation, even though their infinitive ends in -et and -at. Thus, their personal endings will be as follows: drive - drive, hate - hate, offend - offend, hold - hold, see - see, endure - tolerate, look - look, breathe - breathe, depend - depend, etc.

Features of conjugation of verbs

In addition to the verbs of the first and second conjugations, there are also discordant words in our language. These include the following: "flee," "want," "shine," "give" and "honor." Why are they called disjointed? The fact is that in some forms of such verbs the endings of the first conjugation (usually in the singular) are used, and in others - the second (more often in the plural). Let's give some examples:

• he wants;
• do you want;
• I want;
• they want;
• Do you want to;
• we want.

As can be seen from the example, a disjointed word includes itself as the end of both the first conjugation and the second conjugation.

Ways of memorizing rules and exceptions

In our native language there is an incredible number of rules that have no less number of all sorts of exceptions. It should be noted that the conjugation of verbs is one of the hard-to-remember topics in high school. It is not for nothing that a large number of theoretical and practical hours are devoted to it. Moreover, in order to greatly facilitate the study of this rule, teachers of literature and the Russian language annually come up with more and more ways of remembering the rules of conjugation of verbs. For this, different songs, joke rhymes, algorithms, tables and charts are created. However, the essence of them is one: it is extremely important to understand the dependence of a particular letter in the personal ending of the verb, which is in an unstressed position, from the letter in an indefinite form. Also, you should leave a place in memory for 15 words-exceptions.

If you once and for all remember these dependencies, then you can determine the conjugation of the verbs even before you start to record it.

So, consider several algorithms for memorization:

• The first conjugation. It includes all those verbs whose initial form does not end in -it (of course, except for the following exceptions: "zybits", "shaving", "zizhditsya" and "stelit").
• The 2nd conjugation. It includes all those verbs whose initial form ends in -it (of course, except for the following exceptions: "offend", "watch", "hate", "tolerate", "hold", "see", "hear", " Rotate, "" depend, "" breathe, "" drive ").

To facilitate the process of memorizing such words-exceptions, the following rhyme was specially invented, containing in itself all the necessary information:

To the 2nd conjugation

We take it without a doubt

All the verbs that are on -it,

Excluding shaving, stealth.

And still look, hurt,

Hear, see, hate,

RUN, hold, breathe, endure,

And to depend, and turn.