Civil defense defense structures: classification, types

Civil defense defense structures are equipped in accordance with construction rules and regulations number II-11-77. According to this document, such objects can be built-in, as well as free-standing, if there is no possibility for an insertion. The document provides for the possibility of placing shelters in the basement and basement rooms, as well as on the ground floors, if it is possible to make the structural features of the building.

What should be in the shelter?

Civil defense defenses should be equipped with sanitary posts for every 500 people sheltered. In this case, their size should be at least two square meters for each. If the hiding point is designed for 900 receptions or more, then in addition to posts, it should be equipped with a medical center (with an area of at least 9 square meters).

Used when there is no war

Civil defense defense facilities in accordance with the above SNiPom in the non-military period can be used for wardrobes, trading and public catering facilities, cultural service areas, garages, sports and auxiliary facilities. Their planning and design decisions depend on the method of application. In general, one person is expected to allocate at least half a square. Meter area for a two-tier placement (for seating). If the shelter has three levels, then the individual area is somewhat reduced, with a volume of at least one and a half meters per person.

Civil defense defense structures are equipped with seats, beds for recumbents, they install sanitary hygiene devices in a certain amount relative to the mass of arriving people. For example, shelters should have at least one washstand for 200 people, if it is in production (at least one for 100 people, if the shelter is organized at the hospital). They are built with ceilings on the beam scheme or with beams. The thickness of reinforced concrete walls in them is from ten centimeters to 0.5 meters. The walls are supplied from the outside with a heat-insulating layer of concrete, slag concrete, slag or vegetative soil, a ventilation system, waterproofing,

Types and Classification

Classification of defense structures of civil defense is based on dividing them into shelters, simple and anti-radiation shelters. The former are supposed to protect against poisonous substances, biologically or chemically dangerous products, etc. Anti-radiation shelters are designed to shelter the population from ionizing radiation, radioactive dust, light radiation, shock waves, explosive effects and debris. Simple structures in the form of trenches and pits with ceilings, cellars, dugouts to a lesser extent can protect against the above factors, as well as from bad weather.

The existing types of civil defense defenses differ in the classes of properties, according to the conditions of construction (built in advance or erected quickly), in terms of capacity (a large shelter containing more than 1000 people is considered a large one). Anti-radiation complexes are also subdivided according to the principle of erection on specially constructed and adapted for protection from existing structures.

During the last military actions, many people took protective shelters of different plan. For example, almost all the pre-war stations in the Moscow subway began to be bombproof. Not only were people hiding here, but there were important facilities, like the command post (Kirovskaya station), and also held solemn meetings, for example, the celebration on November 7.