Cardiology. Myocardial dystrophy of the heart

Myocardial dystrophy of the heart refers to non-inflammatory defeats of the heart muscle. This "diffuse" process leads to disturbances in the functioning of intracellular structures of myofibrils. In this case, weakening of the contractile function of the myocardium is observed. This specific lesion is closely related to the biochemical or physicochemical disturbances of its metabolism.

Myocardial dystrophy. Symptoms

As practice shows, signs of defeat are often masked by manifestations of the underlying disease. Myocardial dystrophy of the heart is accompanied by increased fatigue, short breathlessness during exercise, muffling on the apex of the 1st heart tone, moderate tachycardia (from time to time). Often anemia is accompanied by a systolic drone over the pulmonary artery and apex. Thyrotoxicosis is accompanied by pain in the heart, increased pulse and systolic pressure, tachycardia (pronounced), atrial fibrillation. Regardless of the causes of myocardial dystrophy of the heart, it leads to the development of heart failure and a violation of its rhythm.

The causes of the disease can be alimentary dystrophy, beriberi, toxic factor (poisoning with barbiturates or carbon monoxide or alcohol intoxication).

Climacteric myocardial dystrophy of the heart develops in women with menopause. The disease is characterized by pressing, aching or stitching pains in the region of the cardiac apex, not associated with a physical load. Symptoms can intensify in the premenstrual period and are accompanied by reddening of the face, sensation of heat and sweating. As a rule, the pain extends to the left side of the chest and is long enough. In this case, taking nitroglycerin does not bring an effect. In some cases, a violation of the rhythm of the heart is diagnosed . As an effective treatment prescribed sex hormones, sedatives and beta-blockers in the complex.

Drinking alcohol for a sufficiently long period causes toxic damage to some intracellular functions in myofibrils. The disease is accompanied by palpitations, cough, a sense of lack of air. As symptoms, there is also atrial fibrillation, extrasystole or tachycardia. The heart, as a rule, increases in size, and its tones become muffled. The disease is accompanied by signs of chronic alcoholism. The course of the disease is rather slow. In many cases, stopping drinking leads to the disappearance of symptoms.

When developing palpitations, dyspnea, increased fatigue, heart pain in the early stages of heart disease, thyrotoxic myocardial dystrophy is diagnosed. The treatment is directed to the elimination of thyrotoxicosis. It should be noted that the expressed thyrotoxicosis significantly prevents the arrest of the emerging atrial fibrillation. In this case, it is more effective and more expedient to dramatically reduce or eliminate thyrotoxicosis. For these purposes, early manifestations are prescribed beta-blockers or reserpine. When a heart failure manifests diuretic and cardiac glycosides.

With hypothyroidism, the defeat of the heart muscle only complements the main diagnosis. In this case, there is a slowdown in intra-ventricular and atrial-ventricular conduction. In rare cases, arrhythmia is detected.

As a rule, the treatment is aimed at metabolic processes. The effect is on the violation of conduction and rhythm, as well as on heart failure. Patients are prescribed panangin, cocarboxylase, riboxin, ATP, potassium orotate, inositol. In addition, the effective intake of anabolic hormones, (methandrostenolone, retabolil), B-vitamins, beta-adrenoblockers. With alcohol damage, drinking is contraindicated. Appointed drugs that improve myocardial metabolism (anabolic steroids, cocarboxylase, panangin, riboxin, ATP). Beta-blockers are allowed in small dosages.