History, development and nature of Tatarstan

The Republic, known today for the name of Tatarstan, has a rich history. The first evidence of the settlement of man on this land dates back to the Paleolithic age. Even then the first monuments appeared, which belong to different cultures of archeology.

History of the Republic of Tatarstan

As the craft developed and the epochs changed, the results of human labor also changed. During the transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age, the Anan'in culture developed and developed, the creators of which settled on the Volga-Kamye. There is evidence that between the 8th and 7th centuries BC tribes of Sarmatians and Gorodets culture appeared on this territory.

The history of Tatarstan testifies that at the stage of transition to a new era there are cultural monuments called "Pyanoborskaya". They are concentrated in the Lower Kama region. During the III-IV centuries, the Turkic and Ugric tribes from Siberia began to penetrate this land, which subsequently managed to force out the indigenous population from the banks of the Kama River. This is evidenced by the found Turaevsky burial mounds, which are historical monuments. They found buried soldiers with weapons. During the IV and VII centuries the main territory of the modern Republic of Tatarstan was populated by the people of the Imenkov culture.

Development of Tatarstan

Despite the fact that the culture and economy of the state were quite original, by the beginning of the V - VIII centuries the Prikamye felt the powerful influence of the developing states of the Volga region, as well as the West Turkic and Khazar Khaganate.

The history of Tatarstan mentions the existence of Volga Bulgaria during the VIII - XIII centuries.

Written data, preserved since that time, do not provide reliable and detailed information about this state. However, it is commonly believed that this included part of the Northern Povolzhye: Zakamye, Predkamie, Predvolzhye. Some historians agree that the northern borders of the Volga Bulgaria passed along the right bank of the Kama, and the western ones along the Sviyaga River. The eastern border ran around the river Shishmu, and the southern border was near Samara's Luke. Meanwhile, some researchers are inclined to a different opinion, suggesting that the borders of Bulgaria were much wider.

The next period in the history of the development of the Republic of Tatarstan is the formation of the Kazan Khanate. Its founder is the Kazan khan - Ulu Mohammed. Having seized Kazan in 1438 and deposed the Bulgarian prince, he proclaimed the khanate and founded his dynasty. As a result, the newly formed state became the successor of Bulgaria. Soon, in 1552, Kazan was captured by Tsar Ivan IV, and the conquered territories joined the Muscovite state. From this moment, active development of Tatarstan begins.

To date, the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan is one of the largest cultural, political and scientific centers of Russia.

The picturesque republic of Russia

The nature of Tatarstan contributed to the development and spread of tourism in this region. In this place two largest rivers merge: the Volga and the Kama. The presence of a mild temperate-continental climate allows us to develop ski resorts that have no analogues in our country. The nature of the Republic of Tatarstan is fascinating with its beauty. The view on the panorama of the Kama River is amazing, and the indescribable beauty of the mountain-plain landscapes bewitches, forcing tourists to return here again and again. Even the native inhabitants do not cease to admire the nature of their native land. Tatarstan does not leave anyone indifferent. In clear sunny weather, the bell towers of Christian churches, as well as the minaret of Muslim mosques of Elaburga, adorn the horizon line. The sparkling river bed and numerous lakes that give a bright reflection, and the famous Big Boar do not cease to please true admirers of natural landscapes.

National health resort

The nature of Tatarstan is also famous for its healing properties. The combination of steppe air, curative microclimate of mixed forest, saturated with medicinal substances - phytoncides, and sources of mineral waters in aggregate contribute to the rapid improvement of the body. In this regard, for many years already sanatoriums and health resorts of Tatarstan have been conducting active climatotherapy.

Zapovednye Zones

The nature of Tatarstan is famous for its emerald Great Boar, which is known to everyone by the picture of the Russian artist Shishkin II. "Morning in the Pine Forest". Within the republic, it is the most diverse and rich forest area. This includes such interesting logs as Little Erkhov, Raspberry, Rich, Big. These natural objects have not yet affected the active human life activity. Here the two-century giants were hiding: beautiful firs, pines, lindens. In the northern part of the forest there is a flexible line of small lakes, the depth of which varies from one and a half to seven meters. Such ponds cause great interest in science. In their vicinity grow rare species of plants listed in the Red Book of Tatarstan. In the waters of lakes and on their shore one can meet such representatives of the animal world as the muskrat, lizard, song and waterfowl, moose and roe deer. And this is only a small part of the species of living inhabitants, with which the nature of Tatarstan is rich. Photos of her beauties turn out to be unusually bright and memorable.

In order to preserve the property of the nature of the Republic of Tatarstan, the authorities established the Volga-Kama Reserve in 1960. It was located in the area of the Western Precamian, includes the Raifa and Sarolovsky sites. The total area is more than eight thousand hectares, most of which is covered with forests.

Picturesque natural place

Raifsky site is isolated, located in Zelenodolsky district only twenty-five kilometers from the capital of the republic - Kazan. The plain area predominates predominantly, however there are significant fluctuations in absolute heights from fifty to one hundred and forty meters. Of great interest is Raifa Lake, as well as a dendrological garden, in which plants grow from almost all continents of the planet. There are fifty-five species of animals, almost two hundred species of birds and more than thirty species of underwater inhabitants. Incredibly rich spawning grounds are located in the coastal shallow-water area.

Natural resources

Resources, which are rich in the nature of Tatarstan, led the republic to the second place among Russian oil producing entities. The state balance keeps records of reserves for one hundred and forty-five deposits estimated at 1.734 billion tons. According to preliminary forecasts, potential reserves of natural resources are estimated at 2.7 billion tons. The total raw materials base, including two hundred and fifty deposits, is represented by eighteen kinds of raw materials. This includes mining, construction and agromineral species. Bentonite, claydite clay, sand mixtures are of great value. They provide a significant share of the needs of the republic and the country as a whole.

Monuments of nature

The republic is rich not only with mineral resources. Tatarstan nature monuments are also of great interest. They are of special value. In this regard, one of the most important goals of the regional authorities is to preserve the biological and landscape diversity, unique geological objects and habitats of the rarest species of plants and animals on the territory of the republic. In particular, this applies to representatives listed in the Red Book and under threat of extinction.

The nature monuments of the Republic of Tatarstan include the preserved natural complex "Kymykmas River Floodplain". Scientific research conducted in this area showed results: in the waters of this river there are twenty seven species of fish. This includes trout brook, ordinary minnow, European grayling, and ordinary heifer. All of them are listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Tatarstan. In addition, seventy five species of birds have been sighted on the banks of the arm of the Kirykmax River, seventeen of which are Red Book. The latter include the field harrier, the meadow meadow, the white-tailed eagle and others. On the territory of the monument there are also such rare representatives of flora and fauna as fragile spindle, adder vulgar, red-bellied midge.

The nature of Tatarstan is also rich in such a reserve as the Krasnoborsky geological section. Its origin refers to the glacial period, the era of the Dnieper glaciation. The special legal status of the protected area makes it possible to preserve the unique geological objects on the territory of this nature monument, which have environmental, as well as scientific significance.

Limitations within natural reserves

Within the boundaries of the Krasnoborsky geological section and the "Floodplain of the Kyrykmas River", the established prohibitions apply. Here it is impossible to carry out economic activities that have a potential negative impact on the monuments of nature and their inhabitants. A complete ban on any geological prospecting survey in the Krasnoborsky geological section, development of minerals within its boundaries is established. Within the boundaries of the natural monument "Floodplain of the Kyrykmas River", any movement on water-motor transport is excluded, plowing of land, construction of buildings and structures, as well as any communications and infrastructure is not allowed. There is also a ban on the storage of toxic chemicals and the implementation of any activities that may contribute to the violation of natural processes.

Who owns the natural treasure?

Monuments of nature of Tatarstan belong to the lands that have agricultural purpose. They are owned by the state and located in the following territories: Krasnoborskoe, Staroslyakovskoe, Devyaterninskoye rural settlements of the Agryz municipal district.

For the purpose of preserving these natural complexes, there are PAs (specially protected natural areas). According to the state cadastre, their total strength is 163.

Thus, the Republic of Tatarstan has a rich history. Due to the favorable geographical location and unique natural places, this area has always been of special value to many peoples. Currently, there is an active development of Tatarstan. Every year, the influx of tourists who want to get more acquainted with the nature reserves and monuments of this beautiful and amazing republic increases.