Belt foundation plates

For the construction of a building with heavy walls, foundation cushions are used . If a house with a basement is being built, a tape type foundation is being built. The main element in it are the plates. Such pillows are high-tech structures made of concrete and steel reinforcement.

Foundation plates are suitable for different soils. In order to perform work qualitatively, it is necessary to carefully carry out preparatory measures. First of all, level the bottom of the excavation and produce a drainage of water. Around the building, concrete drainage wells are being constructed to divert water from it. These wells are connected by special drainage pipes. In those places where the soil is chosen more, pour rubble with sand and rammer it. Then a concrete base (5-10 cm) is made and continues to work after it has completely dried.

Foundation plates are covered with waterproofing in two layers. Sometimes perform a cement-sand screed on top. Then form the formwork to the height of the slab. Before the concreting the reinforcing cage is made. The diameter of the reinforcement depends on the building design.

If the house is erected in a seismically active area, the framework (reinforcement and foundation) is welded. The thickness of the pillows in this case should be 15-20 cm. The stiffeners are concreted immediately. In regions with deep freezing of soil apply foundation slabs, the sizes of which should be 20-25 cm.

Works with concrete in the cold season are carried out at a temperature not lower than -15 ° C. On the foundation slab lay concrete with a deep vibrator, and then level it. The formwork is removed after the concrete has seized and gains strength.

Plates foundation GOST 13580 increase the area of the support, and hence strengthen the building. To them they make high demands. Marking is also carried out in accordance with certain standards. In the first group (PL), letters denote the length (round), width and designation. The second group indicates the bearing capacity of the pillow. For example, the letter P indicates a lower permeability. "O" means low, and "H" means normal permeability.

For foundations use concrete grade M300, and to increase the frost resistance of the composition add special modifiers. Reinforced concrete pillows are the most popular in construction. The material has the following advantages:

• Economy;
• The possibility of reducing the amount of work;
• Decrease in the volume of concrete;
• Reduction of labor costs.

Types of pillows:

• Box-type;
• Solid;
• Ribbed.

In order to find out what dimensions the foundation slabs should have, preliminary calculations are necessary. Determine the width of the cushion as follows. First, find out the weight of the building and what kind of pressure it can withstand the ground. By simple calculations, set the required width of the plates.

Residential buildings are erected on cross-cast monolithic belts. They are connected together, forming a continuous (box-like) structure. In modern design, the foundation and all material costs are calculated. This allows you to significantly reduce costs and achieve a monolithic design in any climatic conditions.