Scheme of a single-pipe heating system with a lower wiring. Single-pipe heating system of a private house

One-pipe heating system, commonly called "Leningrad", is very popular with private developers. It's all about its economy, as well as the ease of installation and operation. Especially often in small country houses, a single-pipe heating system with a lower wiring is used. About her and talk later in the article.

Design Features

When designing the heating systems of a country house, first of all, it is necessary to determine which one design - single-tube or two-tube - will be the most convenient in this particular case. The first is easier to install and easier to operate. However, it does not work as well. Single-pipe systems are used mainly in small single-storey buildings. This design includes:

• Boiler heating;
• PVC pipes;
• Radiators;
• Usually a circulating pump;
• Expansion tank ;
• Security group;
• Filters;
• fitting.

It is a scheme of a single-tube heating system with a lower wiring (or any other) a closed circuit in which the coolant moves in a circle. If desired, in a private house, you can use the option of both a natural cycle and a forced one. In the latter case, a circulating pump is installed in the system , transferring the coolant.

The closed- type (forced) heating system has such an important advantage as the possibility of considerable fuel economy. A variant with natural circulation when using a single-tube design is used extremely rarely. Mainly because of its inadequate efficiency. In this case, the heat carrier circulates through the pipes due to the difference in temperature at the outlet and the inlet of the boiler. Since, passing around the perimeter of the rooms, water or antifreeze gradually cool down, the extreme heat radiators may not be enough. Thus, in the distant rooms the air will warm up much worse than in the near ones. When using the pump, the coolant circulates through the pipes faster and cools down, respectively, less.

What is a lower connection?

Designing heating systems - the procedure is very important. When drawing up a scheme, all should be thought through to the smallest detail. So, for example, heating radiators can be included in the circuit in many ways. Sometimes a diagonal method is used, in which the inlet and outlet pipes are located on the two sides of the battery - from above and below. Often a side connection is also used. In this case, the pipes are connected to the radiator on one side. The lower connection assumes their connection from both sides, but only from below. This method has both its advantages and disadvantages. The first can be attributed to the ease of installation and the possibility of wiring pipes under the floor covering. The disadvantage of the lower connection is that the degree of heat transfer of the batteries is not too high in comparison with other methods.

Boiler installation

What is the scheme of a single-tube heating system with a lower wiring, we have figured out. Now let's see how to properly mount it. The assembly work begins like this:

• First, a heating boiler is installed. In one-pipe systems, all of their varieties can be used. The most economical and easy to maintain are gas models. In private homes, if there are highways in the locality, they are usually the ones to install them. Installation of the boiler can be made independently. To do this, you only need to follow the manufacturer's instructions.
• The chimney is led out to the street with a gasket in the place of abutment to the overlap with heat-resistant material. The boiler can only be connected by specialists. Installed or hung on the wall, it must be strictly horizontal.

Installation of pipes and radiators

Continue installing the heating system at home with a hinged battery. Mount radiators usually under the windows. They should be located on the walls in such a way that the distance from their lower edge to the floor is about 10 cm, to the window sill 8 cm, to the wall 5 cm. This will ensure maximum heat transfer.

In the next stage, pipes for heating are installed. The connection of the radiators is usually done bypass. This allows, if necessary, to close the battery without stopping the entire heating system. The bypass is simply mounted. Actually, the pipe itself passes under the radiator, the latter is attached to the nozzles removed from it.

Each battery is equipped with an ordinary crane and a crane "Maevsky". The latter serves to lower excess air during crimping and is mounted on the supply pipe directly next to the radiator. A conventional tap is used to turn off / connect the battery.

Installing the expansion tank

Collecting any types of heating systems, including one-pipe, this element should be given maximum attention. The safety of operation of the entire structure and its durability depend on how correctly the tank is assembled. It can be installed into the system in two ways. Conventional models are mounted so that they are above the boiler by about 1-2 m. Membrane variants are installed next to the heating apparatus. In any case, the installation is carried out on the return pipe.

Installation of a circulation pump

On the delivery pipe this important constructive element can not be established. The water temperature in this highway is very high. A permanent overheating can lead to premature failure of the device. Therefore, pumps for heating systems are installed on the return pipe, where already cooled water is suitable for the boiler. Install the device on the bypass with valves. Directly in front of him must be fixed a special filter. The coolant in the pipes is very clean. Inside the system, sludge may build up, scales may form, etc. If the filter is not used, the structure will clog.

Following the installation of equipment such as pumps for heating systems, it is necessary to connect the boilers themselves and test the equipment. The pipes are connected to the inlet and outlet of the heating unit according to the instructions. Preliminary in any place (closer to the boiler) is mounted a security group. At the lowest point of the system, the drain cock cuts in.

Security group

The structure of this heating system unit includes such elements as:

• Air vent;
• console;
• Manometer;
• Shutoff and safety valves.

Usually the safety group is installed on the outlet pipe. Without it, you can not start the system in operation.

Filling and checking the system

So, you now know what the circuit diagram of a single-pipe heating system with bottom wiring is, and how it is mounted. After the completion of the assembly, you can proceed with the crimping operation. It will require a pump. With its help it is necessary to pump water into the system under pressure, which is slightly higher than the working one (for private houses it is usually 3-5 atm.). When carrying out the crimping operation, you should carefully inspect all joints, fittings and tees for leaks. The arising problems need to be eliminated.

How to achieve uniform heat distribution in a single-pipe system

As already mentioned, the main drawback of such structures is the different temperature of the radiators warming up. In order to achieve an even distribution of heat in all rooms, you can use batteries with different number of sections. However, it is much more convenient to make adjustments by means of cranes installed on the radiators. Through the nearer to the boiler should pass a smaller amount of coolant, through the long, respectively, more.

Selection of structural elements

Of course, the heating system starts with the selection of the necessary components and parts. In single-pipe heating systems, almost the same elements are used as in any other. Radiators can be:

• Aluminum. This is a rather aesthetic easy option, capable of withstanding a lot of pressure. The disadvantage of such radiators is, first of all, the exacting quality of the coolant.
• Bimetallic. These models are made of two types of metals - aluminum and steel. They serve much longer than the first species. The fact is that aluminum with a coolant in them does not directly contact. From it, only the heat-producing plates themselves are produced.
• Cast-iron. This is a type well known to all, quite reliable, but very heavy.

Pipes for heating are currently most commonly used metal-plastic. However, it is possible to install either steel or even copper ones. The last option is considered the most reliable. But when choosing aluminum radiators , copper pipes can not be used in the system.

In constructions with a natural circulation system, metal plastic or steel should be installed larger than when using a diameter pump. In too thin highways, the movement of water will be difficult. Installation of pipes in a system with a natural circulation of the coolant is done with a slight slope.

As you can see, no particular complexity of the scheme of a single-pipe heating system with a lower wiring is no different. Mount it in the same way as any other. The main thing is to follow the order of assembly and not violate any standards. In this case, the house will be warm and safe.