Allusion is actual in the modern world?

This term was first used by the French writer and literary critic of Bulgarian origin Julia Kristeva in the 70s of last century. Allusion is a figure of speech with an obvious aesthetic effect of "creating a community". It contains the element of the game. It is hidden, as if hinting, in one word or a short phrase refers to a book, a well-known historical fact, an epic or a religious tradition. Thus, it is assumed that readers unite with the writer a single social formation with a certain religion, customs, culture of society, knowledge of the time and circumstances of historical events or biographical details of outstanding people.

If the reminiscence "perelitsovyvaet" in its original retelling of the above events, telling the story, then the allusion is a kind of author's reference, a hint that suggests that there is no full meaning. It is enough only to tell readers, and they will imagine what it is about.

It is noteworthy that the early writers of Christianity, for example Clement of Alexandria, revealed to readers the foundations of a new faith through already allusions that have become traditional for the Roman society: hints at the works of well-known authors of antiquity. Thus, in his work "Exhortations," Clement widely used phrases, words characteristic of Plato's works: "the driver of mankind", a bunch of "one yoke" of donkeys - old and young, "the lord of the team rules."

Speaking about the classical ancient Greek epic, we recall that allusion is what was formerly called "winged words". Many of them assumed the acquaintance of the readers with the legends of Ancient Greece and other civilizations. Widely used in the classical literature are the word combinations "Augean stables", illustrating the lack of well-being, disorder. The words "Herculean poles" were used in the meaning of the edge of the world. Antei's name means the inseparable connection of man with his native land, the source of his power. "Achilles' heel" is equivalent to the notion of a limited but critical vulnerability. Needless to say, allusion is popular in the work. Examples from the literature are numerous. Here are just a few.

The novel of Henry Sienkiewicz "Kamo ridge" absorbed many biblical allusions. The very use of the names of Jesus, the apostles Peter, Paul in the description of the artistic plot of the work presupposes the acquaintance of the reader with the original source - the New Testament.

This artistic figure is often born of a historical event. For example, Charlotte Bronte puts in the mouth of Jane Eyre a reference to the crossing of the Rubicon River - the natural boundary dividing Gaul and Italy (the crossing of which by Julius Caesar was tantamount to the beginning of the civil war). The writer by this path (artistic figure) emphasizes the irrevocability of the decision.

Literary allusions are culturally conditioned, nationally affiliated. It is known that after the publication of the novel by Daphne Dumorier "Rebecca" in the English press, the opening phrase of this work about a dream in which the heroine of the novel returned to the Menderly estate became unusually popular, just as an introductory precedent for the adventure.

Authors often create them themselves, filling with historical and actual content. The well-known novel by B. Stoker "The Count of Dracula" relates the main demonic character to the real historical character Prince of Wallachia Vlad III. In addition, the description of the castle of a vampire noble is realistic and corresponds to the details of the real castle of this ruler.

Current writers, too, do not "graze the rear". Allusion is modern. It should be recognized that in fiction, since the second half of the last century, this artistic figure is extremely popular among writers, its placers are organically intertwined in the course of the plot. A subtle ironic allusion to a book about Sherlock Holmes is the novel by the contemporary classic Professor Umberto Eco "The Name of the Rose." The investigation of mysterious murders was entrusted to the Franciscan monk Wilhelm Baskerville (irony is obvious). His assistant is called Adson (apparently consonant with Konandolevsky Watson). But the historical literary parallel seems to him a little. He depicts in the image of a blind librarian Jorge Burgos, convicted murderer of the popular Argentine author of stories and novels of Jorge Borges. Widespread use of allusions are also modern Russian writers: Boris Akunin, Victor Pelevin.