Yellow irises: planting and care, varieties, photo

Flowers of yellow, purple, snow-white irises and all colors of the rainbow are frequent guests not only in the garden areas of horticulturists, but also in flower beds or simple flower beds near the entrances of houses. They are loved for long flowering, unpretentious care and bright colors.

Their name was given to the irises due to the variety of buds' colors. The word "iris" in Greek means "rainbow", and it justifies its name.

Assorted irises

Among the 800 species that are represented on the planet by 80 thousand varieties, there are snow-white, yellow irises and even deep black color, as well as the entire spectrum of the rainbow.

According to legend, the Greek goddess of the rainbow Iris was the mediator between the gods (the sky) and people (earth). Once the rainbow crumbled into many fragments, turning into beautiful flowers, which they named in her honor.

Since these flowers can interbreed independently among themselves, there is still no strict classification of their varieties. They are divided into "bearded" species, which also include aryls and arylbreds, and "non-human". "Bearded" are so named in connection with the fact that they have peculiar pubescent "beards" on the outside of the perianth.

Bearded irises are divided into groups:

• High, for example, iris high yellow;
• Medium-sized varieties are divided into small-color and medium-sized;
• Dwarf irises are divided into standard and miniature;
• A group and arylbreds are a separate group.

"Not bearded" irises are classes of "Siberian", "Japanese", "Californian", "Louisiana" and other varieties.

Also, irises are divided into planting material. Some are planted with seeds or rhizome, others bulbous. The latter are more demanding for planting and care and less common.

Iris marsh

Iris marsh yellow is a frequent visitor on the banks of reservoirs. For the wild species is characterized by the reproduction of seeds, which have protection in the form of a dense peel, which prevents them from "drowning" in the water. Getting into the river, the seeds are carried away by the current over considerable distances, which expands the sowing zone.

The same spread is obtained with the help of waterfowl, which transfer seeds to new places of the river, where they perfectly germinate. In the same way, the wild iris yellow grew and multiplied even in the time of the Ancient World, as evidenced by the Cretan fresco, dated to the second millennium BC. E. It depicts a young man surrounded by irises.

The cultural iris yellow multiplies by a rhizome, which is divided into parts, each of which has a kidney. When choosing the planting material, it is the condition of the roots and their age that plays the main role, that is why it is better for a beginner to use the services of a corporate store or a garden nursery, rather than buying slices from the hands.

Very often iris yellow (photo evidence) is used to ennoble curbs and fences.

Selection of a place for planting irises

Swamp irises are well established in those places where there is high humidity. If the site has flooded areas, then they are best suited for this sort of flowers. They calmly perceive both the shady side and the sunny side.

The main thing that should be done is to protect them from drafts and regularly watered in arid summer. If there is a pond on the garden, yellow irises (varieties like "bearded" and marshy) are preferable to plant around it.

"Bearded" irises fade under the sun's rays, and the period of their flowering is greatly reduced. The ideal place for them will be either partial shade, or part of the day in the sun, and a part in the shade. The constant shadow is contraindicated to them, as they will not give color, but only leaves will grow.

Soil preparation

A huge variety of varieties of irises requires a certain approach in preparing the soil before planting. Since these flowers can live without harm for themselves at the same place for 10 years or more, the soil should be prepared in advance.

For example, bearded yellow irises "love" loose loamy or sandy loamy soil. It is important that it is either slightly acidic or neutral. The structure of the land can be changed by adding sand, peat or ash to it.

Sour soil iris categorically "does not recognize", so it should be treated with lime before planting. In the event that the summer is more often rainy, it is necessary to place drainage in each hole. No matter how unpretentious irises are, all of them, in addition to the marsh species, have a common common problem - decay of roots. Drainage will save them from this.

Selection of planting material

Another important point for obtaining a beautiful "iris" flower garden is a good planting material. Large, beautiful, but the old root should not be bought, since it will not give the shoots. Such a flowerbed will not last long.

The best planting material is a one-year-old chicks with a rhizome up to 10 cm, with a kidney and a "fan" of leaves. Such a seedling will give the first, albeit still faint, color the next year. The present period of adulthood comes in the third year of growth.

If the year of this year and without a "heel", then it will give the first color only in the summer. In the future, as the irises grow, the planting material can be taken directly from its flower bed.

Separation of planting material from the maternal root

The time and manner of planting irises also depends on the type of flowers. For example, the iris is yellow. Planting and caring for bulbous species occurs according to one technology, but for those that reproduce with rhizomes, according to a completely different one.

After the irises bloom, they begin to mature the kidney, which next year will become a flower. The best time for the reproduction of this plant is the period when the kidney has not yet become attached, and new processes in the rhizome have grown.

A new year-old element with root buds is neatly separated from the main root, without digging out the plant itself, and transplanted to a new location. The intensive growth of new roots begins in a week, and by the time the flower bud reaches the ovary stage, the plant is already fully rooted.

It is important to remember that the leaves of the young cunt before planting should be shortened by 1/3 of the length.

Such a transplant is made in the summer. If you perform the same procedure in the fall, you should wait for the flower bud to form up to 6 cm in length, and the rootlets will grow sufficiently.

Autumn transplant will give a new color for the next spring, provided that time is correctly selected. In this case, one should take into account the possibility of early frosts, so the moment of bud formation and the readiness of the plant for reproduction should coincide with still warm enough weather.

Planting of yellow irises with rhizome

Yellow irises require compliance with certain rules during planting:

• The distance between plants depends on their growth, if it reaches an adult iris to 80 cm, then between the seedlings should be 40 cm;
• For dwarf varieties, which grow to a height of only 40 cm, the gap is 15-20 cm;
• The depth of the hole is determined by the type of plant - in the "bearded" varieties, only roots are buried in the soil, and the rhizome itself remains at the soil level;
• In "beardless" varieties, a hillock is placed in the planting pit, on which the rhizome is laid and sprinkled with earth, the hole itself is only a few centimeters deep;

• The leaves of the yellow iris should "stand" vertically, and the ground around the division should be slightly tamped;
• Immediately after planting the plant is watered, and the second watering is performed after 5 days.

It is important to remember that if there are hot days, then young shoots should be shaded by pulling on the pegs cloth or sticking around them branches.

Planting of bulbous yellow irises

Bulbous iris yellow - rather unpretentious plant, it can often be found in the courtyards of multi-storey buildings and in urban parks. Its main requirement is the absence of low temperatures in winter.

Iris bulbs have a scaly structure. They react quickly to the manifestation of the first heat and amicably appear from the ground at once, as snow begins to melt. In the people this species is called iris snowdrops.

Bulbous iris yellow (photo confirms this) usually grows to 60 cm, loves moistened soil and partial shade. In a colder climate, he needs shelter for the winter, since the optimal temperature for the bulb's "survival" is -6 degrees.

If the climate is mild enough, then the depth of the planting pit should be 10 cm, and in the colder regions - 15 cm. In the event that the yellow irises are broad-leafed, then no more than 12-15 bulbs are planted per 1 m ² . For narrow-leaved varieties, a dense planting is permissible.

The best time for iris bulbs to land is in the last decade of October. Previously, planting is not recommended, since new shoots may appear immediately before the start of frost, which will destroy them.

If you can not land the bulbs on time, it is better to put them in storage in the cellar or in the refrigerator. In the spring, the stored planting material can be planted in pots, and at the end of October it is safely transplanted into the open ground.

Bulbous varieties of irises require periodic loosening of the land and timely irrigation. In no case should they be filled with water. This is fraught with decay of the plant.

Care of irises

Irises - quite "compliant" plants, but since they are perennial, some work on the flowerbed should be carried out regularly:

• Watering is carried out as necessary, especially if the summer is arid;
• Loosening of the soil (very carefully) is carried out after each rain;
• Weeding is performed manually;
• Faded flowers should be cut to the very bottom;
• Young rhizomes, as well as hybrid and bulbous varieties are recommended to "cover" for the winter with foliage or lapnikom;
• In 3-4 years, irises should be planted, otherwise their mass cover of the soil depletes it, and gradually they degenerate.

When dealing with root yellow irises, it should be remembered that they grow on the surface of the ground, so loosening the chisel should be done as carefully as possible. The same applies to weeding, which is desirable to be done manually.

After a thaw, the leaves or lapets are carefully removed, and the soil is loosened. Shelter of the roots concerns only young seedlings and bulbous varieties.

Top dressing of irises

The first fertilizing is made immediately after the soil has drifted off and dried out. Mineral fertilizers are applied simultaneously with loosening, trying to lay them to a depth of 4-5 cm in the soil. It should be done very carefully.

The second fertilizing is carried out during the formation of new shoots with the laying of flower buds. The new rhizomes fertilized at this time will give abundant flowering next spring.

If the soil is weakly or medium loamy, then threefold "feeding" with nitrogen and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers is mandatory, at the rate of 10-12 g per 1 m ² . For sandy soil, the dosage is increased to 16-18 g per 1 m ² .

When using nitrogen, the main thing is not to "overfeed", so it's better to give up a little more than overdo it. When there is a lot of nitrogen, then the leaves of the iris yellow are growing, but there will be no flowers at all, or they will be small and frail.

If you hide flowers for the winter with peat, you can solve two questions at once: warming and fertilizing the soil. In the spring, you need to gently loosen the soil around the roots after it has completely dried.

Diseases and pests

To avoid the appearance of pests, after the leaves reach 10 cm, it is necessary to spray the irises every two weeks with special pesticides, sold in specialized flower shops. After the flowering begins, the spraying stops.

You should also regularly check the rhizomes for rot. If it appears, you need to carefully cut the damaged area and burn it. Last year's foliage and wilted flowers should be burned for disease prevention.

Rare varieties

To rare, that is less widespread, grades include "Siberian" and "Japanese". The Japanese variety of these colors is also called the xiphoid, since they have broad sword-like leaves. These plants are very fond of water, so the preferred place for their planting is the ponds. They also prefer well-lit places without direct sunlight.

Siberian irises are well planted in regions with colder climates in well-fertilized land.

Whatever the grade, it should be remembered that iris yellow is listed in the Red Book, so its cultivation promotes the spread and survival of this species.