Who is called the father of Soviet physics? The most famous physics of the USSR

Scientific research in the Soviet Union was conducted in large numbers. Employees of countless research institutes and laboratories worked day and night for the benefit of ordinary people and the country as a whole. The Academy of Sciences carefully monitored how technicians, humanities, mathematicians, chemists, physicians, biologists, geographers cut through the fog of uncertainty.

However, special attention was paid to physicists.

Branches of physics

The most important areas, which often had great privileges, were space exploration, aircraft construction, and the creation of computer technology.

The father of Soviet physics

There have been quite a few famous scientists in history. The list entitled "The Most Famous Physics of the USSR" is opened by the Vice-President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Academician Ioffe Abram Fedorovich. The scientist created a famous school, which at various times finished a lot of talented graduates. It is no coincidence that Abram Fedorovich is an eminent Soviet physicist, one of those who are called the "fathers" of this science.

The future scientist was born in 1880 in Romny, near Poltava, in the family of a merchant. In his native village he received a secondary education, in 1902 he graduated from the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, and three years later - a university in Munich. The future "father of Soviet physics" defended the work of Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen himself. It is not surprising that at such a young age Abram Fedorovich received the title of Doctor of Sciences.

After graduation, he returned to St. Petersburg, where he began working at the local polytechnic. Already in 1911 the scientist made the first important discovery - he determined the charge of an electron. Career specialist quickly went up, and in 1913 Ioffe received the title of professor.

1918 is significant for the history of the fact that thanks to the influence of this scientist, the physico-mechanical faculty was opened at the Institute of Radiology. For this later, Ioffe received an unofficial title "father of the Soviet and Russian atom."

Since 1920, he is a member of the Academy of Sciences.

During his long working life, Ioffe was associated with the committee of Petrograd industry, the association of physicists, the agrophysical institute, the house of scientists in Petersburg, the semiconductor laboratory.

During the Great Patriotic War, he was in charge of a commission of military equipment and engineering.

In 1942, the scientist lobbied for the opening of a laboratory in which nuclear reactions were investigated. It was located in Kazan. Its official name is "Laboratory No. 2 of the USSR Academy of Sciences".

Who is called the "father of Soviet physics" most often, so it's Abram Fedorovich!

There was no professor on October 14, 1960 in St. Petersburg.

In memory of the great scientist there are busts, memorials, memorial plaques. His name is the planet, street, square, school in his native Romny.

Crater on the moon - for merit

Who is called the "father of Soviet physics", so this is another outstanding scientist - Leonid Isaakovich Mandelstam. He was born April 22, 1879 in Mogilev in an intelligent family doctor and pianist.

From childhood young Leonid reached out to the sciences, he liked to read. He studied in Odessa and Strasbourg.

Who is called the "father of Soviet physics"? The man who did the maximum possible for this science.

Leonid Isaakovich since 1925 began his scientific career at Moscow State University. Thanks to the efforts of the scientist, the physics and mathematics and physics faculties resumed their work at the university.

The most famous work of Leonid Isaakovich was the study of light scattering. For such activities the Indian scientist Chandrasekhara Raman received the Nobel Prize. Although he repeatedly stated that it was the Soviet physicist who conducted this experiment almost a week earlier.

He did not become a scientist in 1944 in Moscow.

The memory of Leonid Isaakovich is immortalized in busts, memorials.

In honor of the scientist called the crater on the far side of the moon.

The author of the textbook, which has grown more than one generation

Landsberg Grigory Samuilovich - the one who is called "the father of Soviet physics." He was born in 1890 in Vologda.

In 1908 he graduated with a gold medal gymnasium in Nizhny Novgorod.

In 1913 he graduated from the Physics and Mathematics Department of Moscow University. He began his career with teaching in this university.

He also worked in Omsk Agricultural, Moscow Physics and Technology and Technical Institutes.

In 1923 he received the title of professor.

The main work is the study of optics and spectroscopy. He opened the method of spectral analysis in various metals and alloys, for which in 1941 he was awarded the State Prize.

He is the founder of the Institute of Spectroscopy of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the school of atomic spectral analysis.

To schoolchildren Grigory Samuilovich was remembered as the author of the "Elementary textbook of physics", which survived a repeated reprint and for many years was considered the best.

He did not become a scientist in Moscow in 1957.

Nobel Laureate in Physics 1978

Petr Leonidovich Kapitsa was born June 26, 1894 in Kronstadt in the family of a military engineer and topographer. After graduating from the Kronstadt College, he entered the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute in the electromechanics department. The first scientific leader of the future scientist was Abram Fedorovich Ioffe.

During the First World War Kapitsa was on the battlefield volunteer - worked as a driver of a medical machine.

After demobilization, he began working at the Radiological and Radiological Institute, where he published his first work as an employee.

In 1921 he went on additional training in the UK, Cambridge, where his supervisor was himself Ernest Rutherford.

Glory to the scientist was brought by his studies of strong electromagnetic fields. In 1922, Petr Leonidovich defended his doctoral dissertation. In 1929 Kapitsa became a member of the Royal Society of London. At the same time, he was elected in absentia to the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

In 1930, the personal laboratory of Petr Leonidovich was built.

The scientist never forgot his homeland and often came to visit his mother and other relatives.

In 1934 there was an ordinary visit. But Kapitsa was not allowed back to England, citing his help to foreign enemies.

In the same year, the physicist was appointed director of the Institute of Physical Problems. In 1935 he moved to Moscow and got a personal car at his disposal. Almost immediately the construction of a laboratory similar to the English one was started. Financing of the project was almost unlimited. But the scientist repeatedly noted that the conditions were much inferior to English.

In the early 1940s, Kapitza's main activity was aimed at obtaining liquid oxygen.

In 1945 he took part in the creation of the Soviet atomic bomb.

In 1955 he was in the group of developers of the first artificial satellite of our planet.

Bright work

For the work "Plasma and controlled thermonuclear reaction" in 1978, the academician received the Nobel Prize.

Petr Leonidovich is a laureate of many awards and prizes. His contribution to science is truly priceless.

There was no famous scientist in 1984.

Now you know who are called the "fathers of Soviet physics".