What does science study physiology? Physiology of humans and microorganisms

Physiology is the science of how organs and systems of living organisms function. What does science study physiology? More than any other biological science, she studies biological processes at an elementary level in order to explain how each individual organ and the whole organism works.

The concept of "physiology"

As one famous physiologist Ernest Starling said, physiology today is the medicine of tomorrow. The physiology of man is the science of the mechanical, physical and biochemical functions of man. This is the science that serves as the basis for modern medicine. As a discipline, it is relevant to areas such as medicine and health, and provides the basis for understanding how the human body adapts to stress, illness and physical activity.

Modern research in the field of human physiology contributes to the emergence of new ways to ensure and improve the quality of life, the development of new medical methods of treatment. The main principle, which is the basis for studying human physiology, is the maintenance of homeostasis through the functioning of complex control systems that cover all levels of the hierarchy of human structure and functions (cells, tissues, organs and organ systems).

Human physiology

The physiology of man as a science deals with the study of the mechanical, physical and biochemical functions of a person in good health, his organs and cells, from which they are composed. The main level of attention of physiology is the functional level of all organs and systems. In the final analysis, science gives an idea of the complex functions of the organism as a whole.

Anatomy and physiology are closely related fields of research, anatomy studies forms, and physiology - functions. What does science study human physiology? This biological discipline is concerned with the study of how the body functions in a normal state, and also examines possible body dysfunctions and various diseases.

What does science study physiology? Physiology provides answers to questions about how the body works, what happens when a person is born and develops, how the body's systems adapt to stressful conditions, such as physical exercises or extreme environmental conditions, and how the body's functions change At painful conditions. Physiology affects functions at all levels, from nerves to muscles, from the brain to hormones, from molecules and cells to organs and systems.

Systems of the human body

Physiology of man as a science studies the functions of the organs of the human body. The constitution includes several systems that work together for the normal functioning of the entire body. Some systems are interconnected, and one or more elements of one system can be part or serve another.

There are 10 main body systems:

1) The cardiovascular system is responsible for pumping blood through veins and arteries. Blood must flow into the body, constantly producing fuel and gas for organs, skin and muscles.

2) The gastrointestinal tract is responsible for processing food, digesting it and converting it into energy for the body.

3) The reproductive system is responsible for reproduction.

4) The endocrine system consists of all the key glands responsible for producing secretions.

5) The integumentary system is the so-called "container" for the body, to protect the internal organs. Its main organ, the skin, is covered with a large number of sensors that transmit external sensory signals to the brain.

6) Musculoskeletal system: the skeleton and muscles are responsible for the overall structure and shape of the human body.

7) The respiratory system is represented by the nose, trachea and lungs and is responsible for breathing.

8) The urinary system helps the body get rid of unwanted waste.

9) Nervous system: a network of nerves connects the brain to the rest of the body. This system is responsible for human feelings: sight, smell, taste, touch and hearing.

10) The immune system protects or tries to protect the body from illness and disease. If foreign bodies enter the body, the system begins to produce antibodies to protect the body and destroy unwanted guests.

Who and for what need to know the physiology of man?

What the science of human physiology studies can be a fascinating topic for doctors and surgeons. In addition to medicine, other fields of knowledge are also affected. Data of human physiology are important for sports professionals, such as a coach and physiotherapist. In addition, various types of therapy are applied in the world practice of medicine, for example, massage, where it is also important to know how the body is arranged so that the treatment carried out is most effective and brings only benefit, not harm.

The role of microorganisms

Microorganisms play a key role in nature. They make possible the processing of materials and energy, they can be used as cellular "factories" for the production of antibiotics, enzymes and food products, they can also cause infectious diseases in humans (for example, food contamination), animals and plants. Their existence directly depends on the ability to adapt in a changing environment, the availability of nutrients and light, an important role is played also by the pH factor, such as pressure, temperature and many others.

Physiology of microorganisms

The basis of life of microorganisms and all other living beings is the metabolism with the environment (metabolism). When studying a discipline such as the physiology of microorganisms, metabolism plays an important role. This is the process of building chemical compounds in the cell and their destruction in the process of activity to obtain the necessary energy and building elements.

Metabolism includes anabolism (assimilation) and catabolism (dissimilation). The physiology of microorganisms studies the processes of growth, development, nutrition, ways of obtaining energy for the implementation of these processes, as well as their interaction with the environment.