What will the clinical blood test show: decoding, normal indices and deviations

The appearance of any malfunctions in the body is an occasion to appeal to the therapist. And usually the first thing with which the doctor starts the examination, concerns the direction for the delivery of a clinical blood test. It is also called general (UAC), because it gives an idea of the state of the body as a whole.

What will the clinical blood test show?

If there is an inflammatory process somewhere or there are deviations from the basic norms, it will be clear by results.

A clinical blood test is the most common of all studies. It can be done at any clinic, paid medical center or hospital. It is affordable and very informative, it makes it possible to reduce the range of further analyzes and examinations and focus on quite certain diseases.

What is being investigated during the UAC?

So, what will the clinical blood test show? This analysis reveals whether the functioning, integrity and quantity of blood cells are normal, and also gives an idea of other basic parameters:

• Erythrocytes are responsible for maintaining the optimal level of oxygen in the bloodstream.
• Platelets give the blood property to fold and prevent bleeding. If they are less than normal, there is a high risk of bleeding, if more - there is a process of formation of thrombi on the venous walls.
• Leukocytes form the human immune system, so an increase in their number suggests a decrease in immunity, the presence of inflammation or a disease of the circulatory system, such as leukemia.
• The hematocrit shows the ratio of the blood cells to its plasma. Therefore, the clinical analysis of blood is so important.
• ESR is an indicator of the rate of erythrocyte sedimentation, it directly shows whether the inflammatory process is occurring in the body. It is investigated with the addition of anticoagulants - substances that prevent blood clotting.
• Leukocyte formula - the count of all types of leukocytes and the ratio of each of them to the total, expressed in percentage.
• The content of hemoglobin, which determines the density of blood. A low concentration of this substance is characteristic for anemia of different etiology, greater for blood that tends to thicken, or a tumor caused by too rapid proliferation of red blood cells.
• The color index of the blood shows whether hemoglobin is sufficient in red blood cells.

Norms of clinical analysis of blood in adults

It should be taken into account that in normal life the normal indices are different, so deciphering the children's UAC can not be guided by the data of ordinary tables. For men and women, the rates are also slightly different.

Deviation in greater or lesser side unequivocally indicates the presence of pathological processes in the body. An experienced doctor, by the nature of complaints and the result of a clinical blood test, can make a primary diagnosis, which, however, must be clarified. Here such informative clinical analysis of a blood. The indicators will be discussed in more detail.

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin has normal values of 135-160 g / l for men and 120-140 g / l for women. If it is higher than these figures, we can assume:

• Erythremia;
• Dehydration of the body.

Figures below the norm indicate:

• Lack of trace element of iron;
• Anemia;
• Excessive saturation of moisture in blood cells (hyperhydration).

All this is able to detect a clinical blood test. Decipher it by specialists.

Erythrocytes

Erythrocytes should show 4-5x10 ¹² / l in males and 3,7-4,7x10 ¹² / l - female. The excess is usually caused by:

• Oncological diseases;
• The appointment of corticosteroids and steroid preparations;
• Cushing's syndrome (disease);
• Polycystic kidney disease;
• A severe burn, a stomach disorder and a loose stool, or diuretics give a slight increase in red blood cells.

A small number of erythrocytes is usually observed when:

• Pregnancy;
• Bleeding;
• Hyperhydration;
• Anemia;
• The destruction of these blood cells and the low rate of formation of new cells in the red bone marrow.

Leukocytes

It is this information that gives a clinical blood test.

Leukocytes and their norm are the same for men and women: 4-9x10 ⁹ / liter. The causes of leukocytosis:

• A sharp course of inflammatory and purulent processes, blood infection;
• Diseases that cause various pathogens of infection;
• Malignant neoplasms;
• Condition after a heart attack;
• The final three months of bearing the fetus;
• Trauma to tissues;
• Lactation period;
• Heavy physical activity.

Leukopenia occurs for the following reasons:

• The effects of radiation exposure;
• anaphylactic shock;
• Hypoplasia or bone marrow aplasia;
• Addison-Birmer disease;
• Viral infection;
• typhoid fever;
• Changes in the fibers of connective tissues of various origin.

All this will show the result of a clinical blood test.

Platelets

The number of platelets is also the same for both sexes - 180-320x10 ⁹ / l. Since they are responsible for the coagulability of the blood and are able to stick together with each other, their increase suggests:

• Oncology;
• Recent surgery or bleeding;
• Diseases of the circulatory system;
• Chronic diseases at the stage of exacerbation, in particular diseases of the stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver;
• Infectious diseases and viruses;
• Consequences of prescribing many medicines.

Thrombocytopenia is characteristic of:

• Diseases of an autoimmune nature;
• Hepatitis;
• Rheumatoid polyarthritis;
• Lymphogranulomatosis;
• Hemolytic diseases.

To identify all these diseases, there is a clinical blood test. Deciphering it does not take much time.

ESR

ESR has a wide range of parameters, from 1 to 15 mm / h, for different ages, and the sex is characterized by its ESR. Exceeding the norm happens when:

• Infections and inflammatory processes;
• Diseases of the liver and kidneys;
• Disorders in the endocrine system;
• After fractures and surgeries;
• Menstruation, pregnancy, breast-feeding;
• Anemia of various origin;
• Collagenosis.

A low index of ESR can talk about:

• Increased production of bile;
• Problem with insufficient blood supply to organs and tissues;
• Increased bilirubin in blood serum;
• Delayed clotting and dilution of blood, the formation of defective clots, unable to completely prevent bleeding.

Hematocrit, leaving the range of 0.39-0.49, indicates a lack of iron in the body, the development of anemia and diseases of this kind.

The leukocyte formula should contain the correct percentage of all 5 types of white blood cells to their total number:

• Eosinophils: 1-5%, destroy the ingested allergens;
• Neutrophils are stabbed - 1-6%, and segmented - 47-72%, cleanse the blood from a bacterial infection and protect the body from getting it;
• Basophils: 0-1%, help leukocytes recognize other people's particles and neutralize inflammation;
• Monocytes: 3-9%, deduce dead and destroyed cells, bacteria, pairs of antigens with antibodies;
• Lymphocytes: 19-40%, support immunity, protect against diseases associated with falling immunity, form an immune response.

The norm of the color index is 0,85-1,15. Increases if:

• Lacks folic acid and vitamin B12;
• Develops oncology;
• There are polyps in the stomach.

Reduced if anemia with iron deficiency and anemia of pregnant women is diagnosed.

In addition, if necessary, you can conduct a study on coagulation, that is, a coagulogram, which also includes the duration of bleeding. Now it is clear that it will show a clinical blood test.

How to prepare for the KLA?

Clinical analysis should be done strictly on an empty stomach, preferably in the morning before breakfast. In extreme cases, you can eat no later than 2 hours before. The day before you can not drink alcohol, spicy, sour and fatty foods, because of which the blood serum becomes chyle, that is turbid, the allocation of components will be difficult.

Usually the blood is taken from the finger, the hand is not important, but the finger needs an unnamed finger. However, in some cases, the doctor recommends taking a vein fence. If several repeated tests are required, they should be performed at the same time, since the indicators may vary during the day.

Conclusion

OAK can help to identify various diseases at an early stage. Therefore, in order to prevent it is worth to hand over it at least once a year. In the old age and childhood, when it is especially necessary to carefully take care of your health, it is better to do this every six months. That's what the clinical blood test will show.