Wallenberg - Zakharchenko syndrome: symptoms, treatment methods

The syndrome of Valenberg - Zakharchenko is called the brain damage due to a violation of his blood supply. This syndrome is named in honor of scientists who practically simultaneously described it. It is often called dorsolateral medullary syndrome. There is an ailment due to an insult-like thrombosis of the posterior artery. It is she who is responsible for supplying the blood of the cerebellum.

Description of the disease

A person seldom loses consciousness in the Valenberg-Zakharchenko syndrome, but there are attacks of dizziness that provokes a loss of balance, as the cerebellar arteries suffer.

In addition, there is hiccup or urge to vomit, as well as a symptom of mild stunnedness.

Thrombosis can lead to arteriosclerosis of blood vessels. However, cases of endarteritis of the vertebral artery, in which the syphilitic type, or rheumvasculitis are not uncommon.

There is a slow loss of thrombotic or non-thrombotic nature. The zone of the vertebral or basilar artery is most often affected.

Wallenberg - Zakharchenko syndrome occurs with periods of improvement in well-being and its worsening. But in this case the process of disease progression takes place.

How can the syndrome manifest itself?

It can develop in five ways. This depends entirely on where the pathology center is located and what clinical signs are available.

Consider the types of syndrome in more detail.

Basic type

The research institute of neurology confirms that with the given ailment the following symptoms appear:

• Horner's syndrome ;
• Dissociated impairment of sensation of surfaces located in the middle and caudal zones of the Selder;
• Cerebellar hemiataxy;
• Paralysis of the muscles of the soft palate and vocal cords.

Rarer types of development

What else could Wallenberg be-Zakharchenko's syndrome? There are some less common forms. It happens that the lower portion of the variolium bridge is captured because the posterior lower cerebellar artery recedes strongly.

Often, with this type of ailment, there is a manifestation of additional symptoms, divided into two groups - there is an inferiority of the sixth or seventh nerve.

When in the process tail sections are destroyed in the medulla oblongata, the retreat of the cerebellar artery decreases. There are the same ipsilateral symptoms as in the initial type of the syndrome.

Often the appearance of triplegia or cross-hemiplegia. This is how the alternating syndrome of Wallenberg-Zakharchenko manifests itself.

When the center of the spinal cord of the trigeminal nerve or its root is damaged, another form of the Valenberg syndrome, Zakharchenko, is also spoken.

There may be a violation of the conductive pathways, which are responsible for the sensitivity of the opposite part of the face. There are no discordant changes in the upper sensitivity on the face. That is, those areas that belong to the Zelder zone. Can cover the face of hemihyesthesia surface susceptibility. There is an expansion of a painful focus, as the conductors on the other side of the face turn on. This is characterized by the same features as the first type, only more extended.

Clinical signs of the syndrome

What data does the NII of Neurology present? With this syndrome, there are a variety of symptoms:

• A person is difficult to swallow;
• His speech is broken;
• Part of the soft palate ceases to be active;
• The vocal cords do not move well;
• There is Horner's syndrome;
• There are vestibular-cerebellar signs (empty movements of legs, arms, tremors, balance is disturbed);
• There are no temperature or pain sensations on the opposite side to the lesion; There is a headache on the side of the lesion or all over the face.

So, most often Wallenberg - Zakharchenko syndrome manifests itself.

All these clinical signs are due to the fact that the posterior lower cerebellar artery overlaps. The outer parts of the medulla obliterate as a result of this.

Namely, the place where the trigeminal nerve (descending and ascending bundles, sympathetic fibers) is located suffers.

Methods of treatment

Hemorrhage is absent most often, the death does not threaten the disease. But if it is not treated, then various life-threatening complications can develop. Therefore, if the above symptoms have appeared, then the measures should be taken immediately.

Once the Wallenberg-Zakharchenko syndrome first appeared, the vital functions of the brain must be stabilized, the tissue swelling removed. It is better to carry out all manipulations in the first hours after the attack.

Less damage will occur if assistance is provided in a timely manner. The recovery process will be easier and faster. With prolonged failure to provide assistance, irreversible changes occur, and this, in turn, provokes a person's disability.

If breathing is disturbed, then oxygen therapy is necessary. For this, a mask or artificial ventilation is used.

What else is necessary to do?

Cardiac activity should be maintained, and also try to stabilize blood pressure at normal levels. After all, to the Wallenberg syndrome - Zakharchenko often leads precisely arterial hypertension. The patient on a regular basis should take drugs to reduce pressure.

In addition, cardiac glycosides and nitrates are prescribed. It is necessary to normalize coagulability of blood and its density. Neuroprotective cells of the brain are protected. With the help of special medications, painful sensations are removed, muscles relax. Also prescribe often anticonvulsant and sedative drugs.

Wallenberg - Zakharchenko syndrome, we discussed in detail in this article.