Wall formwork: types and types of construction

The erection of buildings in a monolithic way has long been popular due to the high reliability and strength of the structure. Wall formwork is one of the most important criteria for successful construction. For multi-storey buildings and private houses, different ways of bookmarking can be used. Consider the types and types of technology.

Kinds

The main advantages of monolithic walls are the speed of work and financial savings using innovative materials. Wall formwork is divided into several types, namely:

1. Small-piece billet is used mainly for the construction of various structural forms, most often in the construction of small buildings.
2. Type krupnoshchitovogo finish - a design of large sheet fragments, each of which in size corresponds to the concretered area. It features high strength and the ability to withstand maximum loads without additional reinforcement of the frame. This method is used to form overlaps in different types of buildings, often combined with a variable section in the plan.
3. Forms of block type are designed for the construction of low structures and elevator shafts. They are rigid or detachable blocks, consisting of three closed parts.
4. Blocked wall formwork is a volumetric interchangeable module that is assembled from individual elements. This solution allows you to simultaneously erect up to four external walls. Often the system is used in the construction of internal partitions.
5. Another kind is a sliding construction. It consists of a three-dimensional module, located on the perimeter of the surface. The workpiece is put in the desired position by means of a hydraulic hoist. Most often, the construction is used for the construction of multi-storey houses with a simple architectural design.

Structural types

Wall formwork can be formed in different ways. However, this process does not affect the main functional. Much depends on the manufacturer and types of blanks. The basic configuration of the design in question includes the following elements:

• Linear or corner shields.
• Fasteners (self-tapping screws, nuts, screws).
• Locking details.
• The struts.
• Scaffolding and brackets.

Often, the standard kit includes an auxiliary kit, designed to adapt the design to the architectural and technical features of the structure.

Material of manufacture

Wall formwork can be made of wood, plastic, metal or polymer elements. Wooden analogues are mainly used in the construction of private houses or cottages. The design is fairly simple to do by yourself, without spending additional funds on workers and materials. The advantages of wooden formwork are the simplicity of processing, sufficient strength and environmental friendliness. The disadvantages include the susceptibility of wood to moisture and pests, which requires additional treatment with special formulations.

Reliable metal formwork is favorably distinguished by its durability, ease of assembly and mobility. Aluminum variation is practically not subject to corrosion and deformation.

Polymer analogs

Plastic or polymer construction is a sheet in which grooves are provided for pouring a concrete solution. The main advantages are low weight and high thermal insulation characteristics. It is worth noting that such a setup is one-time, since it can not subsequently be extracted.

Mounting Features

Installation of the wall formwork depends on the type of construction. For example, block and large-scale elements during installation require the following steps:

• Checking the installation site using geodetic tools.
• Perform markup on floors between levels or floors.
• Placing and fixing working parts with hydraulic or screw jacks.
• Installation of additional struts, if necessary pre-empting accidental fall of shields.
• Fixing the installed sheets with each other using special locks.
• Erection of the lower row of screed together with embedded elements and receiving educators.
• Mounting the opposite row of shields reinforced with clamps at the edges.
• Subsequent assembly of the remaining parts, including the unification of the scaffold.
• Installation of a ladder for the passage of workers.

Final work

The final stage in the arrangement of formwork is the verification of the reliability of locking locks and fasteners. In addition, with the help of a level or construction level, the position of the structure is checked horizontally and vertically, as well as the absence of gaps in the junctions. All parts must be in tight contact, and the lock locks securely secure. With the correct erection of the system, after pouring concrete, the flaps of the flaps are not deformed and are kept in the required shape.

If the elements of the wall form are bent, skewed or give cracks, it is necessary to stop pouring concrete. This will prevent further deformation of the shields, and their possible collapse. In many respects the quality of the construction depends on the manufacturer. Some firms save on the quality of the material, which does not withstand the specified loads. The second reason for poor quality installation is a violation of the technology of work.

Fixed wall formwork

Monolithic walls erected with such a scheme do not require the repeated dismantling of support boards. A similar option is applicable to the construction of walls as a subsequent component of the general design. The most common type of such formwork is blocks made of expanded polystyrene with cells. Subsequently, the sheets are mounted at a distance of 150 millimeters and are fixed by means of jumpers.

The construction scheme for this type of formwork can be divided as follows:

1. The installation of the structure on the foundation with specially prepared blocks of polymers is carried out. They are fixed by crosspieces, which guarantees durability and stability. Concrete mixture is poured, as well as with the usual version, 500 millimeters in height.
2. Reinforcement. This operation involves the installation of reinforcement between the blocks of a non-removable structure. The reinforcement is placed in the special grooves provided in the blocks.
3. The final decoration of the walls. The final version is a wall, the outer side of which consists of a polymer, and the inside is made of concrete. The external surface is finished with a non-flammable reinforcing material, which allows to strengthen and secure the entire structure.

If there is a problem in the process of assembly in the form of inconsistencies in parts, it can be solved quite simply. To do this, you need to cut the block to give it the correct configuration. The casting of the structure under consideration is made exclusively with a concrete solution.

Wall formwork «Dock»

Among the many systems offered on the market, the products of the firm "Doka" stand out. The company produces elements for formwork of varying complexity. The beam type is made of metal or wooden sheets, which are assembled into a single structure. The complete set includes fasteners, scaffolding and insulating supports.

In addition, the company produces combined systems, as well as special brands. For example, the concrete formwork DOKAFF 100 tec is equipped with rigid crossbars, enabling the solution to be kept from concrete under pressure up to 80 kN / m. In the rear part there are fixing screws, which guarantee the reception of a perfectly flat surface. Modular equipment consists of support racks, fasteners, frame panels, sheathed with metal or plywood parts.

Finally

In conclusion, it is worth considering the mixtures that are most often used for the construction of wall formwork. Among them:

• Wall formwork "b" (concrete). The most popular material, characterized by high strength, but requires additional insulation due to low thermal conductivity.
• Reinforced concrete. Combines the reinforced elements and the concrete solution is more powerful and warmer, but heavier than the previous analog.
• Slag and expanded clay concrete. These materials are similar in strength, have a better heat conductivity than previous variations.
• Arbolite is a mixture of wood and cement. This material is characterized by strength and warmth, provided that the correct waterproofing is carried out.

To better navigate the market for the materials in question, you should use expert advice. This is due to the fact that often there are updated analogues, surpassing competitors by one or other parameters.