Wall drainage of the foundation with own hands: stages, technology and features

In order to exclude the flooding of the house on the site, it is necessary to equip the wall drainage. Such a system will limit the rise in groundwater levels to a critical level, when there is a possibility of flooding the ground floor and flooding the basement, which can cause the foundation to collapse.

The described system is a whole complex of elements that are below the basement floor level and protect the structure from storm water and penetration of underground moisture. You can accomplish these works on your own, they will not be too expensive materially, but you will have to work hard. After all, it is necessary to excavate the pit on the perimeter of the house, and then fill it with the components of the system.

Features

The drainage system of the house is necessary if the building has a basement or a basement. It is necessary to think about the need for such works at the initial stage of construction, when the foundation pit is being laid. If the building is already ready, and drainage was not provided for in the design process, then it will be necessary to expend not only the forces, but also the time and, of course, the means.

To ensure the existing construction of reliable protection against groundwater, it is necessary to excavate a pit that will be located around the building. Wall-mounted drainage requires the use of pipes, which are called drains. They are located on the perimeter of the house, and in the corners should be placed inspection wells. Elements will be connected at these points.

The pumping well should be located at the lowest point of the site, it will receive excess moisture and be removed to the storm sewage system or a nearby pond. At a distance of 1 m from the basement, it is necessary to lay a clay lock, which will provide additional protection against the penetration of water.

Types of drainage elements

Wall-mounted drainage is equipped with several types of elements, among them:

• Linear drainage;
• Formation drainage.

The first version provides for the use of polyvinyl chloride sections, which are equipped with gutters. The whole system is closed by gratings and arranged along the perimeter of the blind area. In this case, excess moisture enters the receiving well through the pipes.

The second type of drainage elements is formation drainage. It is located under the foundation slab and is flush with the sand pillow. The moisture in this case enters the receiving well through perforated drains, which are crumbled with rubble and river sand. This layer acts as a protective filter.

Calculation of drainage system

Calculation of the wall drainage must be carried out necessarily, while it is necessary to determine the depth to which the foundation will be laid. It does not matter which material you plan to use for drainage, the entire drainage system should be located below the base pad at 0.5 m. The minimum value is 30 cm.

When calculating, it is important to determine the slope. The wall drainage should be uniformly lowered towards the collector. The angle is calculated taking into account the coefficient of 0.02. This indicates that for each meter the slope should be 2 cm, which will ensure the drainage of the liquid and exclude the stagnation of water in the pipes.

The lower and upper points of the system must be determined in advance. From the place of collection and removal of excess moisture depends the depth to which the upper section of the system will be laid. The top point is usually the corner of the house, while the bottom is the well that receives the drains.

Calculation features

An example of calculating the wall drainage will be considered below. The width and length are 6 and 9 m, respectively. At 10 m from the house there will be a well, while its upper level should rise 30 cm above the ground.

The length of each section to the point of diversion is 15 m, this value is made up of the width and length of the house. The total length of the well will be 25 m, to obtain this value it is necessary to add the distance from the well to the house to the length of each section. The allowable slope of the system is 50 cm.

Of 25 m total length 2 cm will go for every meter. If the discharge point is high, you need to install a special drain pump, which will pump the liquid out of the receiver. When a scheme of wall drainage of the foundation is drawn up, it is important to take into account the conditions of a particular case, but they do not affect the distance from the house to the drainage of the foundation slab. This value should be 3 m or more. Gravel and sand are poured into the depths, where their swelling will not occur if the groundwater freezes. The presence of a blind area of concrete is important to foresee. It must move from the base of the house to 1 m or more.

Stages of work

If you decide to build a wall drain around the house, then it is important to act on a special technology. To begin with, sand is laid, while it is necessary to determine the difference in altitude with the help of a laser level. You can make notes to pour large-fraction sand to create a uniform bias. This will eliminate the use of the pump. A layer of geotextile is laid on top of the sand. It is filled with washed gravel, in which it is necessary to make grooves for drainage pipes.

The same slope should be observed along the entire length of the ditch. Perforated polyvinylchloride pipes are laid on the gravel. In the pipes there must be holes, the size of which should not be greater than the minimum size of gravel particles, otherwise clogging will occur.

The project of wall drainage must necessarily provide for the connection of pipes between each other. The whole system is equipped with a common slope, which is 2 cm per 1 m of pipe length. Check the correct position of the elements can be using a stretched cord. It is also important to provide a vertical pipe, which will have a closed lid. This node is provided when turning. Such elements will facilitate the washing of the system.

Recommendations of a specialist

The laid pipes are wrapped with geotextiles, there should be no gaps between the turns, this will eliminate the possibility of gravel entering the holes. Fixation can be carried out with the help of a nylon rope. The wall drainage scheme provides for filling the pipes with clean gravel for 20 cm. The gravel cushion is covered with geotextile overlap to exclude the entry of soil into the cracks.

Over the drain, large river sand is poured, which will act as an additional filter. Particular attention should be paid to the tight fastening of the textile winding at the ends of the branches. Release of the sewer pipe, which will depart from the house, should be insulated. It is covered with a layer of foam plastic for 25 cm.

General requirements and norms

The wall drainage of the house should be arranged in accordance with norms and rules. The system should be located outside, along the contour of the building. The step between the wall and the drainage pipe is determined by the projected width of the foundation and the features of the placement of the inspection wells. If the base of the house is located at an impressive depth, then drainage can be laid above the basement footing, but these recommendations are correct only if steps are taken to eliminate the drawdown of the drainage system.

If you want to save on sand and make construction cheaper, you should apply geocomposite materials, which consist of profiled plastic membranes pasted with geotextiles on one side. Membranes will be able to protect the base of the house from moisture and will cope with the drainage of water to the perforated pipes, because they have a unique surface. A geotextile filter will pass water, but retain ground particles.

Selection of drainage pipes

The device for wall drainage provides for the selection of pipes. The material should be chosen taking into account the depth of installation and the aggressiveness of groundwater. The most popular plastic pipes are:

• Polyvinyl chloride;
• High-density polyethylene;
• Polyethylene of low pressure;
• Polypropylene.

Plastic drains have become widespread, because they are easy, they can simply be delivered to an object and easily laid. Drains can be selected with full or partial perforations. They are intended for a specific depth of embedment, but usually this value does not exceed 6 m.

Features of drain laying

The connection of pipes between themselves can be carried out by couplings, which are made from an identical material with pipes. When installing, it is important to ensure that the water intake holes are on the sides. The lower and upper sides of the pipes must be solid, not having any cuts.

To prevent clogging of the holes, the pipes must be wrapped with geotextile. In addition, this measure will protect the material from siltation. Increase the longitudinal slope of the pipes beyond the minimum standards should not be, as this will contribute to an increase in the volume of construction work. The maximum gradient was mentioned above, and it is determined taking into account the permissible value of the water flow velocity. This parameter is 1 m per second.

Installation of manholes

Between the manholes it is important to provide a gap that is 40 m in straight sections. Neighboring drainage wells should be separated from each other by 50 m. It is important to provide a distance of 20 m from the rotation of the drain. Additional wells are installed through one turn if the system has several turns in a complex section between two wells.

If you arrange the drain yourself, then you must remember the depth of the laying of the diverting and water intake elements. If it is not possible to organize the release of water by gravity from drainage, it is important to provide for the existence of a pumping station.

Conclusion

As one of the effective ways to protect the foundation of the building from the impact of water, there is a wall drainage. Its device is a pledge of long-term operation of the building. Solve the problem of getting water in the basement can be integrated, using several ways to protect.

If you decide to equip the hydro-support, the clay is laid with mandatory ramming. Several layers should be added to the rubble. This method will reduce the flow of water from the lower horizons. After that, you can start laying the drainage system along the perimeter of the building. Pipes should be looped, ensuring the presence of drainage wells in the corners.