Uremia is ... Uremia: causes, symptoms and treatment

Uremia is what? If you do not know the answer to the question, then the article is for you.

In addition to clarifying that uremia is what it is, we will tell you about what symptoms are manifested in this disease, what are the causes of it and the principles of treatment. Also, you will be presented with a detailed diet of those people who have the aforementioned illness.

General information about kidney disease

Uremia is a kind of auto-toxicity syndrome, which actively develops in renal failure. As a rule, this occurs as a result of the delay of toxic and other substances, including nitrogenous metabolites, in the human body.

"Uremia" is a word that came into medicine from the Greek language (uraemia), which is divided into parts: uron, that is, "urine", and haima, that is, "blood." Synonym of this term is "mochekrovie."

Uremia: the causes of the disease

There are many causes of this disease. It can be renal failure (acute), which occurs due to shock, circulatory system disorders, as well as trauma, frostbite, severe burns or poisoning. Also, uremia occurs as a result of an acid-base, acid-salt and osmotic homeostasis disorder, accompanied by secondary hormonal and metabolic disturbances, dysfunction of all systems, organs and general dystrophy of tissues.

In most cases, acute renal failure is reversible. Most often it arises abruptly. In this case, the disease is accompanied by a sudden anuria or oliguria, in which the bladder is filled slightly or urine does not enter it at all.

The most common cause of uremia is the self-poisoning of the body with nitrogenous compounds such as uric acid, urea, indikan and creatinine. In addition, this disease can occur due to acidosis and changes in electrolyte balance in the human body.

What are the forms of uremia?

Diseases of the kidney and urinary tract can occur in a chronic and acute form. Chronic uraemia, in contrast to acute uremia, develops very slowly. Often it becomes a consequence of processes (irreversible) extinction of the work of parenchymal tissues of the kidneys.

It should be noted that nephrosclerosis, which is the basis of the development of CRF, also often causes the appearance of uremia. In addition, this disease can begin and against the background of blockage of the vessels of the kidneys, chronic nephritis and obstruction of the urinary tract, which are covered by an overgrown tumor or stone.

Kidney disease leading to chronic renal failure

To diseases of the kidneys, which become a frequent cause of the development of chronic renal failure, often include:

• Pyelonephritis;
• Glomerulonephritis;
• Congenital nephritis;
• Formation of a set of cysts in the kidneys;
• Kidney stone disease.

The cause of the appearance of uremia can be and diabetes mellitus or prostate adenoma.

Kidney disease: symptoms and treatment

Symptoms of uremia can be manifested gradually and accompanied by increasing intoxication of the body. Such signs are difficult to recognize if you do not have basic medical knowledge.

So what are the symptoms of kidney disease in women, men and children that indicate a violation in their activities? We will tell about this right now.

The main symptoms of the disease

As a rule, inflammatory diseases of the kidneys are accompanied by a volume excretion of urine of almost white color. Urine has a small specific gravity. It should also be noted that a large diuresis is often accompanied by a retention of urea and chlorides released in a small amount.

With the course of the disease, the volume of urine can be reduced, and nitrogenous metabolic products - accumulate in the body, increasing their concentration in the blood.

For several weeks, the patient usually has a precomatous condition. Subsequently, it can easily cause uremic coma. Its first precursors are violations from the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, the patient's appetite decreases, and later he refuses to eat or drink at all. In the saliva of the patient, urea accumulates. This has a direct effect on the occurrence of bitterness in the mouth. In the future, urea is split by oral bacteria, resulting in ammonia being released. It is he who causes the unpleasant smell.

How to recognize the disease?

As mentioned above, kidney disease (symptoms and treatment is described in detail in this article) can easily be determined by problems with the digestive system. Accumulating in the gastric juice, urea causes uremic colitis and gastritis. Thus, vomiting after eating, nausea, and diarrhea with an admixture of blood join the symptoms of the disease.

Among other things, kidney diseases in men, women and children are also accompanied by impairments from the CNS. The patient may experience weakness and apathy, quickly get tired. The patient often feels stiffness in the movements, he constantly tends to sleep, and the head seems incredibly heavy.

With the course of the disease, the desire to fall asleep begins to be combined with insomnia. Against this background there is confusion, eye and other muscles twitch.

Symptoms of uremic coma

This condition can be determined by certain respiratory movements. So, the patient starts to breathe very noisily, occasionally taking deep breaths, and then a short exhalation.

After the onset of the terminal phase, respiration may periodically disappear completely. This is due to a decrease in the excitability of the respiratory center.

Body temperature in patients with this problem almost never rises above 35 degrees. Also, the symptoms of uremia often appear on the skin. Standing out through the covers, urea and other slags cause itching, inflammation, dryness, trophic ulcers and leave a white coating.

Treatment process

Any kidney disease in children and adults should be treated immediately. After all, in the future they can lead to complications and even to death.

To emergency therapy during uremia, measures are taken that are aimed at preventing further intoxication of the body. At the same time, nitrogenous slags are removed from the intestine and stomach by washing them with salt solutions, taking laxatives, setting enemas, and so on.

How to eat?

Proper nutrition with kidney disease is of the greatest importance. This is due to the fact that along with food, unnecessary substances fall into the human body, which can significantly worsen the patient's uneasy condition.

So what should nutrition be for kidney disease? When diagnosing the aforementioned disease, doctors must prescribe a special diet to their patient. Typically, it is to significantly reduce the amount of protein food consumption. To do this, it is recommended to exclude meat and dairy products from their diets. Although some experts still advise to leave them some part, since proteins for the human body (especial growing) are very important.

Methods of treatment of uremia

Now you know what nutrition should be for kidney disease. However, it is not enough just to choose the right diet to relieve the patient's condition and save him from the aforementioned ailment. That is why physicians additionally prescribe and appropriate medications. Thus, patients with uremia often enter into a vein about 50 ml of 40% glucose. To significantly reduce the concentration of toxic substances in the blood, as well as reduce blood pressure, in the treatment of the aforementioned illness, bloodletting is carried out quite often (up to about 400 ml of blood).

To restore the amount of chlorine and other minerals that are excreted from the human body together with vomit and liquid stool, they are restored by intravenous sodium chloride (about 20 ml of a 10% solution). In addition, ordinary food salt can be added to the patient's diet.

If the main symptoms of kidney disease (uremia) is joined and such a deviation as heart failure, then the patient is prescribed a solution of the drug "Strophantine". Skin pruritus, which is inherent in this disease, is removed with sodium bromide. As for muscle cramps and their twitching, then to get rid of them apply calcium chloride.

If a patient develops an uremic coma, then her treatment should be carried out only in a hospital. For this, the patient must be hospitalized immediately with the first symptoms.

Prevention of disease

In the prevention of the development of the presented disease, the issue of prevention of renal dysplasia is very important. So, it is required to create all necessary conditions during the observation of the pregnant woman, protecting the fetus and the fetus from any teratogenic effects.

Essential is the search for markers heterozygous carrier pathology. In addition, antenatal diagnosis of the development of urogenital system defects is required.