Acute Renal Failure

Acute renal failure may occur suddenly. It is the result of an acute, but mainly reversible process of affecting the kidney tissues. The disease is characterized by a sharp decrease in the volume of excreted urine until its absolute absence.

Acute renal failure may in some cases be caused by an arterial condition (a traumatic injury or the removal of a single kidney). Provoke infectious diseases and infectious diseases (hemorrhagic fever and leptospirosis), exogenous intoxications (a number of drugs, bites of poisonous insects or snakes, poisons used in everyday life or the national economy). The causes of the development of the disease include also disorders of renal hemodynamics (collapse, shock, etc.), acute kidney diseases (acute pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis).

The disease is accompanied by a marked deterioration in the patient's condition with the manifestation of vomiting, nausea, a decrease in appetite.

Acute kidney failure. Symptoms

Significant manifestations of the disease include a decrease in volume (oliguria) or an absolute absence of excretion (anuria) of urine. When the patient is examined, the puffiness of the limbs is revealed. Also, acute renal failure provokes an increase in liver volume. The patient has a manifestation of inhibition or, conversely, arousal.

Clinical development of the disease is divided into several stages

At the first stage (initial) acute renal failure is accompanied by a symptomatology caused by the direct effect of the cause of the disease. This stage can last several hours or days. The initial stage of the disease begins with the moment of causative influence and continues to the first manifestations from the kidneys. In the course of it, intoxication may occur (abdominal pain, nausea, pallor).

The second stage of the disease is called oligo anuric. The main feature of its manifestation is the absolute anuria or oliguria. The general condition of the patient is assessed as severe, formation and active accumulation of urea in the blood, as well as other end products formed due to metabolism, is observed. This provokes self-poisoning of the body and manifests itself in the form of drowsiness, inhibition, adynamia, diarrhea. There is also arterial hypertension, swelling of the body, tachycardia, anemia. It is necessary to note also the presence of one of the characteristic features, which manifests itself in the form of increasing azotemia. This condition is characterized by an increase in the content in the blood of protein (nitrogen) products of metabolism and severe intoxication.

The third stage I classify as a restorative. In the phase of early diuresis, clinical manifestations are identical to manifestations of the second stage. In the phase of polyuria (increased urine formation) and the restoration stage of the concentration renal capacity, normalization of kidney functions, recovery of cardiovascular system, digestive and respiratory systems, CNS, musculoskeletal system is observed. The third stage lasts for about two weeks.

The fourth stage of recovery is characterized by anatomical and functional restoration of kidney activity to the initial parameters. This period can last for many months, in some cases drags on for a year.

Acute kidney failure in children

This condition is classified as one of the most severe. A sharp decrease in renal function involves the use of substitution therapy. The condition is accompanied by pathological changes in most systems and organs. At the same time, the diagnosis of the disease involves an extensive examination.