Types of wound healing, healing process and treatment

The human body is very fragile, and it lends itself to almost any mechanical action. To inflict a wound or any other mutilation is easy. The same can be said about animals. Cut, for example, can be very simple - one awkward movement of the hand, but the wound will be prolonged for a long time. In several stages. The topic is very detailed, therefore, we should talk about it and touch on the types of wound healing.

Definition

It's worth starting with terminology. A wound is a mechanical damage to the integrity of the skin, mucous membranes, internal organs and deeply lying tissues. If to speak in medical language, then the clinic of this kind of mutilation is conditioned by local and general signs. The first of these is pain, bleeding and yawning. Common signs include infection, shock and acute anemia. Expressed in varying degrees - it all depends on the general state of the person and the reactivity of the body.

So, the sharper the instrument that cut the tissue, the more the wound will bleed. However, it is worth knowing about one nuance. Bleeding is not always external. Often it is internal. That is, blood is poured into the cavity and tissue. Because of this, common hematomas are formed.

Pain, in turn, can be of varying degrees of intensity. Its strength depends on how much the receptors and nerve trunks were damaged. And more on the rate of injury. And how much pain is expressed depends on the affected area. The face, hands, crotch and genitals are the most sensitive places on the human body.

In principle, this general information is enough to penetrate the meaning of the topic. Now you can tell about the types of wound healing and classification of injuries.

Classification

If we talk about the nature of tissue damage, we can distinguish firearms, chopped, cut, chopped, bruised, smashed, torn, bitten, poisoned, mixed wounds, as well as abrasions and scratches. Each of them has its own characteristics. And it depends on them, what will be the first help in the wounds. Types of wound healing also differ depending on the type of injury.

Gunshot wounds and stabbed, for example, almost do not bleed. And it's still difficult to determine their direction and depth. A special form of punctured wounds are those that arose from the impact of a pin, a spear, a point of the umbrella or a sharpened stick. Cut and chopped wounds are characterized by heavy bleeding and superficial defects. From the bitten, pus appears often afterwards. Abrasions, although painful, but heal faster.

In general, the classification is very detailed, all types are listed for a long time. But another nuance is worth noting. The fact is that the wounds are divided into belated and fresh. The first include those with which a person turned to a doctor a day after receiving the injury. Such cure is more difficult, because the infection and other microorganisms have already penetrated inside. A fresh wound is considered within the next 24 hours after application. Consequences from it to prevent it is easier.

Specificity of tissue repair

Healing is a complex regenerative process that reflects the physiological, as well as biological, response to the resulting injury. It is important to know that the tissues are different in their ability to recover. The higher their differentiation (ie, the slower the formation of new cells), the longer they will regenerate. It is well known that the cells of the central nervous system are the most difficult to restore. But in the tendons, bones, smooth muscles and in the epithelium, this process occurs fairly quickly.

Talking about the types of wound healing, I must say that they are delayed more quickly if the nerves and large blood vessels are intact. The process will last for a long time, when foreign bodies and virulent microorganisms (infection) have entered them. The wounds of people suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases, diabetes mellitus and heart and kidney failure are still badly healed.

Primary healing

About him must be told in the first place. After all, the types of wound healing begin with the primary. Then comes the secondary. The last kind is healing under the scab.

Primarily, the wound is tightened when its edges are smooth, touching as closely and vigorously as possible. Healing will be successful if there are no hemorrhages and cavities inside and no foreign bodies. Therefore it is important to wash the wound. This also helps to neutralize the infection.

This type of healing is observed after aseptic surgeries and complete surgical treatment of the injury. This stage passes quickly - in about 5-8 days.

Secondary healing

It can be observed when there is no one of the conditions for the primary. For example, if the edges of the tissue are not viable. Or do not adhere to each other closely. To promote secondary healing can cachexia (exhaustion of the body) and a lack in the body of the substances necessary for it. And this type of restoration of tissues is accompanied by suppuration and the appearance of granulations. What it is? Granulation called such newly formed glomeruli of blood vessels. In fact, this is familiar to every person since childhood, because each of us fell and tore his knees. Everyone remembers that the wounds were then tightened with a crust. This is granulation tissue.

In general, the types of wound healing and their characteristics are very interesting. Not everyone knows that the process of tissue repair occurs in three stages. First, the inflammatory phase of healing (about 7 days), then - granulation (7-28 days). The last stage is epithelization. That is, the wound is covered with a new, lively skin.

What do I need to know?

In the process of tissue repair, there are different types of wound healing. In addition to the inflammatory phase, they all last quite a long time. Although it depends on the depth of damage. But the longest stage is the formation of the epithelium. Can last about a year.

The most important phase is the notorious granulation. It contributes to the normal tightening of the wound. Granulation tissue protects itself by other, deeper, preventing the penetration of the infection. If it is damaged, then bleeding begins. And the healing process will begin anew. Therefore it is very important not to touch the mutilation and protect it from direct contact with clothing and in general with any other objects / things.

It is interesting that the types of wound healing in animals do not differ from us. But they have a harder process. Animals try to cure their own wounds themselves - they constantly lick, which can do much harm. This is why cats are put on a bandage or cone after sterilization - they can not reach the wound and spill it to an even worse state.

Healing under the scab and treatment

This is the last type of tissue repair. Healing under the scab occurs in the event that the damage is insignificant. When a person has an abrasion, for example, or abrasion. Just for some time after the formation of the injury appears dense crust (the same scab), and under it a new epidermis quickly forms. The scab itself then disappears.

Naturally, all wounds need to be treated. And as it should be done, the doctor explains. Self-medication does not help, especially in the case of open wounds. Since in this situation it is necessary to act step by step. The first phase of treatment is the treatment with medical solutions that neutralize the infection. The second - prevention of inflammation and edema. For this, tablets, sprays, ointments and gels can be prescribed. At the third stage, a person should, following the medical recommendations, take care of the granulation tissue, contributing to its transformation into a connective tissue.

Treatment of minor abrasions and wounds

The cream "ARGOSULFAN®" helps to speed up the healing of abrasions and small wounds. The combination of antibacterial component of silver sulfatiazole and silver ions provides a wide range of antibacterial action of the cream. You can apply the drug not only to wounds located on open areas of the body, but also under bandages. The agent possesses not only wound healing, but also antimicrobial action, and besides, it promotes healing of wounds without a rough scar ¹ . It is necessary to read the instructions or consult an expert.

Scars

The medical classification is known for far more than one kind of scar. When the wound is healed by the primary tension, in fact any scar can form. It all depends not on how the fabric is tightened. The appearance of the scar is determined by the prerequisites for the appearance of the wound itself. Let's say a surgical operation. The man carried it, and the incision made with a scalpel was sewn up. This is the primary healing, since the tissues are tightly in contact, there are no infections. But it will still be called a surgical scar.

Another situation. A man cut a tomato with a sharp knife and accidentally hit the blade with a blade. Household accident, you can say. And the kind of healing is the same, the primary one. However, this will be called a scar, received as a result of an accident.

There are also keloid, normotrophic, atrophic and hypertrophic scars. However, they are irrelevant to the topic. It is enough just to know about these types of scars.

The causes of wound healing disorders

Finally it is worth to say a couple of words about why sometimes tissues are restored so slowly. The first reason is the person himself. But violations appear without his participation. You should consult a doctor if the skin color changes, pus formed, or the heaviness of the wound increased. It's abnormal, an infection is possible. By the way, so that it does not appear, it is important to constantly wash the wound.

You also need to know that the skin of an adult person is healing more slowly than in adolescents, for example. And to keep the wound tight, it is necessary to maintain a normal moisture level in the tissues. Dry skin heals badly.

But if the wound is serious and some violations are observed, you need to go to the doctor instead of self-medication.

1 EI Tretyakova. Complex treatment of long - term non-healing wounds of different etiologies. Clinical dermatology and venereology. - 2013.- №3