EIA of blood.

Today, in the first place in medicine, both preventive and timely diagnostics come out of importance. Modern methods allow you to accurately assess the results of conducted tests and studies.

Along with the development of infectious pathology, methods such as enzyme immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction have proven successful. So PCR is the most modern and, perhaps, the most informative research in immunology, but it is often necessary to resort to the use of simpler, cheaper, but no less significant methods. One of them is the ELISA of blood. Based on the mechanism of interaction "antigen-antibody", the enzyme immunoassay allows to determine not only the presence or absence of antibodies, but also their number. For this study can be used spinal fluid, punctate vitreous body and amniotic fluid, but most often performed by IFA blood. The sensitivity of this biochemical method reaches ninety percent, with a specificity of 95%. If to speak about the negative aspects of this research, then it is worth mentioning, perhaps, the only one - the diagnosis is indirect. This means that with the ELISA of the blood it is not the agent itself that is determined, but only the immune response formed on it, and in connection with the different degree of activity of the immune system in humans, it is not always possible to correctly interpret the results obtained in the study. Therefore, it is necessary to correlate the results with the data on the immune activity in humans.

There are a large number of different analysis modifications, among which the competitive method and the double-folding method are most often used.

What is the basis of IFA blood?

By attaching specific enzyme labels to antibodies, it is possible to monitor the presence of reactions. Running the reaction indicates the presence of antibodies in the human blood . There are special test systems that allow to determine both specific antibodies and their number. The results can be accounted for manually (by comparing the reactions obtained with the standard), and with the help of special ELISA analyzers.

The method of enzyme immunoassay allows to determine not only the disease itself, but also its form (acute or chronic) and stage. This technique allows even to identify clinically healthy carriers in whom the infection does not develop and does not have any manifestations.

To increase the efficiency and accuracy of the diagnostic procedure, it is necessary to conduct a study in the initial period of the disease, as well as to identify antibodies of different classes (preferably M and G). Investigation of the IgG level is recommended in paired sera, this study is conducted at intervals of ten days. To determine the dynamics of the infectious process in time, a quantitative diagnosis is carried out. In addition, it should be borne in mind that with reduced immune activity, as well as with protein starvation, antibodies to infectious agents may not be detected.

In case of doubtful results, a second study is recommended. Otherwise, we can resort to more modern and reliable methods such as polymerase chain reaction, which provides 100% results about the etiology of the disease.

Thus, ELISA analysis of blood today is a widely used method of diagnosing infectious diseases and allows obtaining reliable results of research on a number of issues (etiologic agent, duration of the disease, manifestations and form of the disease), and also provides insight into the development of the process and the virulence of the strain of the viral agent.