Traditional dwellings of the peoples of the world (photo)

Human dwelling is a pure reflection of nature. Initially, the form of the house comes from an organic sense. It has an inner need, like bird nests, a beehive or a shell of a mollusc. Each feature of the forms of existence and customs, family and marriage life, in addition, the tribal order - all this is reflected in the main rooms and the house plan - in the upper room, the hallway, atrium, megaron, kenenate, courtyard, ginekei.

There are 16 geographical and historical-cultural provinces: Eastern European, West Central European, Central Asian-Kazakh, Caucasian, Central Asian, Siberian, Southeast Asian, East Asian, South-West Asian, South Asian, African Tropical, North African, Latin American, North American, Oceanic, Australian . At the same time, each of them has its own kind of houses. In this article we will look at the national dwellings of the peoples of the world.

Eastern European Province

It includes the following areas: northern and central, Volgo-Kama, Baltic, south-western. It should be noted that in the north, the economic and residential premises were built under a common roof. In the south, more often there were villages of large sizes, while farm buildings were located separately. In those places where there was not enough wood, the wooden and stone walls were smeared with clay, then bleached. In such buildings, the stove has always been the center of the interior.

West Central European Province

It is divided into regions: the Atlantic, the North European, the Mediterranean and the Central Europe. Considering the dwellings of the peoples of the world, we can say that in this province rural settlements have different layouts (circular, cumulus, scattered, rank-and-file) and consist of rectangular structures. Fachwerk (frame houses) are prevalent in central Europe, felling - in the north, brick and stone - in the south. In some areas, economic and residential premises are under a common roof, and in the second - they are erected separately.

Central Asian-Kazakh province

This province occupies the plains in the eastern part of the Caspian Sea, high mountain systems and deserts of the Pamir and Tien Shan. It is divided into regions: Turkmenistan (south-western), Tajikistan and Uzbekistan (southeastern), Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan (northern). Such traditional dwellings of the peoples of the world here are rectangular adobe buildings with a flat roof in the south, in the mountains - frame houses, near semi-nomads and nomads - round yurts with a felt covering and a lattice skeleton. In the north of the house experienced the influence of immigrants from Russia.

Caucasian Province

This province is located between the Caspian and Black Seas in the southern part of the East European Plain. It covers various landscapes of the mountain systems of the Caucasus, mountain plains and foothills, is divided into two regions: the Caucasus and the North Caucasus. Such dwellings of the peoples of the world, images of which can be seen in this article, are very diverse - from stone fortresses and houses-towers to turtle (wattled) semi-earthworks and structures; In Azerbaijan - adobe single-storey dwellings with an absolutely flat roof, entrance and windows to the courtyard; In the eastern part of Georgia - are 2-storey houses made of wood and stone with balconies, a gable or flat roof.

Siberian province

It is located in the northern part of Asia and occupies the taiga, dry steppe and tundra areas from the Pacific to the Urals. The settlements are dominated by rectangular log houses with a gable roof, in the northern part - dugouts, plagues, yarangas - in the northeast, multi-angle yurts - among cattlemen in the south.

Central Asian Province

The province occupies deserts located in the temperate zone (Takla-Makan, Gobi). It should be noted that the dwellings of the peoples of the world are very diverse. In this place they are represented by round yurts (among Turks and Mongols), as well as woolen tents of Tibetans. The Uighurs, part of the Tibetans, and also the Izzu are dominated by houses with walls of ashlar or raw brick.

East Asian Province

This region occupies the peninsula of Korea, the plains of China, as well as the Japanese islands. The houses here are skeleton-pillared with adobe filling, with flat-flat or flat roof, which other traditional dwellings of the peoples of the world can not boast. In the southern part of the province piling structures prevail, in the northern part - heated stays.

South-East Asian Province

These are the islands of the Philippines and Indonesia, as well as the Indochina Peninsula. It includes the following areas: East Indochina, East Indonesia, West Indochinese, West-Indonesian, and Philippine. Dwellings of different nations of the world are represented here by pile constructions with high roofs and light walls.

South Asian Province

It includes the Highlands of the Deccan, the Ganges and Indus valleys, the Himalayan mountains in the northern part, the arid regions and low mountains in the west, the Burmano Assam Mountains in the east, and the island of Sri Lanka in the south. All sorts of dwellings of the peoples of the world, photos of which can be seen in this article, today cause a great interest of historians. Here, mostly the settlements of the street plan; Most often you can find brick or adobe 2 and 3-chamber houses, with a high or flat roof. Also there are structures skeleton-pillar. Several floors of stone are in the mountains, and the nomads have interesting woolen tents.

Dwellings of different peoples of the world: North African province

It occupies the Mediterranean coast, the arid subtropical zone of the Sahara, in addition, oases from the Maghreb to Egypt. The following areas are distinguished: Maghreb, Egypt, Sudan. Settled farmers have large settlements with very disorderly construction. In their center is a mosque, a market square. The houses are square or rectangular from raw brick, stone, adobe, with a patio and a flat roof. Nomads live in woolen black tents. The division of the dwelling is preserved in the male and female halves.

Dwellings of the Peoples of the World: South-West Asian Province

This province occupies mountains with oases and arid uplands in deserts and river valleys. It is subdivided into Iranian-Afghan, Asia Minor, Arabian, Mesopotamian-Syrian historical and cultural areas. Rural settlements are mostly large, with a central market square, rectangular houses made of raw brick, stone or adobe, with a courtyard and a flat roof. Interior decoration includes koshmy, carpets, mats.

North American Province

It includes taiga and arctic tundra, Alaska, prairies and temperate forests, as well as subtropics on the Atlantic coast. The following areas are distinguished: Canadian, Arctic, North American. In this place before the European colonization lived only Indian and Eskimo (in the north) peoples. The main types of houses differ slightly from each other, depending on the areas where people live. In settlers, housing traditions are similar in many respects to European ones.

African tropical province

It includes the equatorial regions of Africa with dry and moist savannas, tropical forests. Areas are identified: West-Central, West African, East African, Tropical, Madagascar island, South African. Rural settlements scattered or compact, consist of small frame-pillared dwellings with a circular or rectangular layout. They are surrounded by various economic buildings. Sometimes the walls are decorated with painted or relief patterns.

Latin American Province

It occupies all of Central and South America. Areas such as: Mesoamerican, Caribbean, Amazonian, Andian, Fire-Earth, Pampa. Local residents are characterized by rectangular, single-chamber dwellings made of reed, wood and adobes, with a high 2- or 4-pitched roof.

Oceanian Province

It consists of 3 regions: Polynesia (Polynesians and Maori), Micronesia and Melanesia (Melanesians and Papuans). Houses in New Guinea - pile, land, rectangular, and in Oceania they are frame-columned with a gable roof made of palm leaves.

Australian Province

It occupies the island of Tasmania and Australia. Aboriginal dwellings of these places are canopies, wind barriers, huts.