Thromboembolism: what is it and how to treat it?

The most frequent violation in the work of veins and arteries is associated with their blockage. This situation leads to the formation of a thrombus, or embolus, from which thromboembolism develops. What it is? A pathological process in which the pulmonary artery is blocked. Thrombi are usually formed in the large circle of the circulation, in Right ventricle or atrium. Sometimes this state does not have serious consequences, and sometimes everything can end in a fatal outcome.

Why does thromboembolism develop?

The reasons for the formation of thrombi are directly related to violations of the fibrinolysis process. Embolisms are formed on the walls of blood vessels, eventually increase and break away, starting their way through the body, precisely because of them thromboembolism can occur. What are emboli? In fact, it's just a blood clot. Reaching a smaller diameter vessel, the embolus covers it. To promote this process can be various diseases, for example thrombophlebitis of the legs, myocardial infarction, rheumatism, arterial hypertension, obesity, atherosclerosis, infective endocarditis. Even bed rest can be dangerous. It is important that a recumbent patient take fibrinolytic drugs and perform therapeutic gymnastics for the feet. To form a thrombus, there must be three factors: damage to the vascular wall, slowing blood flow and increasing blood coagulability. When these conditions are combined, Becomes.

How does the disease manifest itself?

For the diagnosis, the rate of development of arterial damage, the accompanying disorders and the volume of the affected vessels, as well as the general condition of the patient are important. In general, the clinical picture has no particular visible signs, so it is often possible to recognize the problem only at a critical moment. Nevertheless, there are some symptoms. For example, cardiovascular disorders, signaling that thromboembolism occurred. What it is? As a rule, this is an acute vascular insufficiency with a strong drop in blood pressure, pain in the sternum, giving in the left arm and shoulder blade, lung edema, tachycardia, cerebral hypoxia, edema of the brain accompanied by dizziness, ringing in the ears, convulsions, coma. There are also pulmonary-pleural signs indicating that the patient has thromboembolism. What it is? This is an acute respiratory failure, wheezing in the bronchi and a lung infarction, accompanied by shortness of breath, a cough with blood and pain in the sternum. With a febrile manifestation of blockage of the artery, inflammation develops in the lungs, and with the abdominal swelling of the veins of the liver, Right upper quadrant. In any case, an early hospitalization is necessary if you have a suspicion that thromboembolism has developed.

Treatment of the disease

The patient needs reanimation measures to exclude the threat to life. The restoration of blood circulation, normalization of pulmonary blood flow is carried out, prevention of pulmonary hypertension is also necessary. It is possible to prescribe oxygen therapy and fibrinolytic drugs, in the presence of inflammation, antibiotic therapy is performed. All symptoms are prevented by improvised medical devices. Without hospitalization, the patient is not treated.