The social situation of the development of a preschooler and adolescent. Concept, description and description

At all age stages there is a special social situation of development characteristic for them only. This is the social position of each child in the system of relations accepted in the society. It is the social situation of development that is the determining factor in the filling of a person's life with a special, characteristic content:

• Special relationships with people who directly surround the child;
• Leading, special for this stage of development activities (work, teaching, play or communication).

Each age period includes a specific system of rights that can be used by a toddler, and duties that he must constantly perform. Therefore, the social situation of development is not just a psychological phenomenon, but a comprehensive and basic one for the dynamics of the child's formation. Because, it is thanks to her, there are qualitative neoplasms.

How is its content formed? It spontaneously develops, on the basis of historical long experience and taking into account the needs of modern society.

Any child, regardless of what his individual development and degree of willingness, having reached a specific age, will be put in the appropriate, accepted for the society of the situation. Thus, it will fall into the system of conditions that determine its further development and the nature of the activity at a given age. Therefore, the child is facing a certain dilemma: he must necessarily meet these conditions or not. Only in this case he can feel psychologically and emotionally comfortable.

Consequently, the social situation of development is a characteristic combination of external conditions and internal processes characteristic of all age stages.

Let's consider in more detail preschool and adolescence.

Thanks to the emotional and psychological separation of a child of three years old from adults, certain prerequisites arise for the emergence of a new social situation for the development of a preschool child. The kid can now go outside his family for the first time and establish a new level of relationships in other adults and children. Why is it necessary?

The child tries to "enter" into the world of adults, perceiving them as carriers of social roles. That's why the subject-role games with other children are actively developing into robbers, a doctor, a chauffeur, a doctor and so on. Preschooler is important to "enter" into the adult world, so "modeling" of it becomes the main in mental development.

The social situation of the development of a teenager has a slightly different task. This age is the base for the transition from childhood to a responsible and independent life. Therefore, this "intermediate" position has a significant impact on the course of this period.

First, the basic anatomical and physiological changes begin. For several years the child's body turns into an adult, and a special role is given to sexual development.

Secondly, a different level of relationships with peers and adults is formed. This is especially true of interactions with the family, as the physical and spiritual life is moving to the outside world as much as possible. The first place is now occupied by relations with peers, with whom there are common interests. They are built on a higher and more complex level, as adolescents are passionate about collaborative activities and intimate topics for them. Emotionally comfortable state is determined by whether he is included in any group of peers.

Therefore, in order to ensure the optimal development of the child, it is necessary to provide him with a "correct" social development situation.