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The nature of the Perm region. Plants and animals of the Perm region

The Perm region is a land of amazing nature, taiga forests, picturesque mountains, gorges, caves, fast rivers and clear lakes. Here you can see the amazing diversity of the country's landscape, a considerable number of rare plants and animals. The nature of the Perm region, the unique culture of the region attracted travelers since ancient times.

A bit of history

Until the beginning of the XVIII century the region, which included vast lands from the sources of the Kama to the Ural range in the west and east and from the upper reaches of the Pechora in the north to the Chusovaya River in the north and south, was called the Perm Great.

The first to show interest in this great land were Novgorod merchants. In the XIV century, they had rivals, this territory was encroached by the Moscow Principality. After a major military campaign of Prince Ivan III in 1472 Perm the Great became the first territory in the Urals, which forever became part of the Russian state. Rapid development of the Perm region is celebrated with this important historical event. There are more and more Russian settlements. The development of new lands was noticeably more active by the middle of the 16th century, when the merchants and industrialists of Stroganov settle here.

The variety of natural resources and the nature of the Perm region attracted new settlers. This is today one of the largest industrial regions of Russia with a multifaceted cultural heritage and stunning natural objects.

At the crossroads of Europe and Asia

The region, located at the junction of two parts of the world, practically covers the fifth part of the Ural economic region. The location of its territory in the Kama basin provides it through a special canal system to the five seas - the White, the Baltic, the Caspian, the Black and the Azov.

Animal and plant life

The peculiar "borderline" location of the region influenced the formation of its flora and fauna. The animals of the Perm region are mainly represented by typical European species. Here live about 60 species of mammals, over 40 species of fish, 270 species of birds, as well as several species of reptiles and amphibians. From predatory animals, the most widely spread forest marten, there are foxes, wild boars, wolves, wolverines, badgers, ermines. There are elks, bears and lynx here.

The common hedgehog, the muskrat, the mink are quite small and need protection.

The region abounds in lakes, rivers, swamps, overgrown floodplains of rivers, forests. In the forests are common grouse, capercaillie, tits, cysts, hazel grouses. From migrating birds there are thrushes, swallows, starlings.

The plant world is also very diverse. It varies depending on the regions of the region. The most common plants of the Perm region are pine, spruce, larch, fir, cedar pine. They form entire taiga open spaces, stretching for hundreds of kilometers.

In the southern regions, deciduous and coniferous forests are combined. Here there are such broad-leaved species as oak, elm, elm.

In the north and in the center of the region there are heavily waterlogged areas. The slopes of the Ural mountains are covered with coniferous forest. The extreme north-east of the region is the stone kurumniki and the poor tundra.

Over 130 species of plants grow on the territory of the Perm Krai, which are under state protection. In the Kama region there are two reserves and several reserves. The fauna and flora of the region is given considerable attention.

The growing anthropogenic impact on the natural environment leads to a decrease in the number of many rare animals, plants, to the fragmentation of populations and even to the complete disappearance of a number of their species. Such specially created official guidelines, such as the Red Data Book of Perm Krai, contain descriptions of known reasons for reducing their numbers, consider hazards and a number of measures to restore populations.

Uniqueness of the edge

Despite the urbanization, in Perm the Great and today there is a breath of antiquity. Sufficiently expressive traces of the Great Migration of Nations, the heritage of Old Russian architecture, mining civilization, legends and traditions, nature and the animal world are as if united into a single whole.

Perm Territory has a huge potential for various types of tourism, regardless of the time of year. The geographical position of the region also contributed to this. People are attracted by a variety of landscapes, interesting history, and, of course, unique monuments created by the very nature of the Perm region. Photos of unique landscapes, interesting and mysterious places do not cease to fascinate with their extraordinary beauty.

On the territory of the region there are 325 specially protected natural objects under special protection. These are historical and natural complexes, natural monuments and others. Of these, two territories are designated, which are nature reserves of federal significance. This is "Visher" and "Basegi".

The most valuable natural monuments of the Perm region Are represented in the Cherdynsky district. There are a lot of them in Bolshososnovsky, Solikamsk, Chusovsky, Krasnovishersky districts.

Natural monuments and natural territories of the regional significance of the region are divided into the following types:

  • Landscape (cliffs White moss, Vetlan and Loquit stone, Stone city),
  • Geological (Ordinskaya and Gubakhinskaya caves),
  • Hydrological (Ermakov spring),
  • Zoological and botanical (Zykaisky cliff, Veslyansky birch-marshmallow),
  • Historical and natural complexes (Kungur cave, Grafsky and Kuvinsky burs).

All of them are included in the list of protected natural objects.

Stone Town

One of the most popular and unique natural monuments is the Stone City. The unusual beauty of the spur of the ancient Ural ridge, known as the Rudyanski spoi, can be seen near the villages of Shumikhinsky and Usva. The ridge is similar to an elongated crest about 19 km in length. One of its peaks is the Stone Town. This name was given by tourists. For the locals it's the Turtles. Stone city is often also called Devil's fort.

The bizarre rocky remnants of the natural monument formed a whole string of corridors and tiers on a hill in the middle of the forest. They create the impression of the city: narrow streets and wide avenues, dead ends. According to one version, they were cut by one of the ancient rivers. And one of the many legends says that once it was a wonderful city, the stunning beauty of which could not be seen only by the blind daughter of the king. Once the evil sorcerer offered to heal the princess. The king agreed, but it was at the moment when her vision returned, the city turned into stone.

The nature monuments of Permsky Krai near the station of Usva are not limited to the Stone City. Also worth visiting are the famous Usvinskiye Pillars and the caves of Dry Log.

Usvinsky Pillars

Unique stone pillars, stretching for several kilometers on the river Usva, are rightfully considered one of the attractive places for tourists. This is a huge stone massif, composed of limestone. On its poles there are prints of ancient corals and other fossils, which clearly indicate that millions of years ago there was a sea here.

Unique forms of rocks are dotted with grottoes and caves. Some of them, like the Grotto of Stolbova, in the distant past served as a shelter for people.

Like a magnet attracts tourists to the rock, which was nicknamed the Devil's Finger. Its structure and dimensions are amazing. The rock mass of 70 meters high is held on a thin "leg". He seems to demonstrate his inaccessibility and independence. This is one of the favorite places for fans of rock climbing.

Ordinsky Cave

In the depths of the Kazakovskaya Mountain, which is enveloped by the Kungur River, is the longest in the country underwater cave and the second in length in Eurasia - Ordinskaya Cave. On the surface of the mountain, more like a hill, there are large karst craters, one of which is the entrance to this unremarkable corner of the wild.

This is the world's largest gypsum cave. It consists of the so-called "dry" (300 m) and underwater (4,600 m) parts. Its high vaults, clear deep lakes, numerous grottoes were explored by speleologists. Ordinsky cave is often called the Mecca of cave divers.

Kungur Cave

This is one of the most famous landmarks of the region, located on the right bank of the Sylva. In the mysterious depths of the Kungur cave, the Urals winter reigns forever. Even in the summer hot days, it keeps the ice decoration of its underground grottoes due to a special microclimate. The charming possessions of people and snow are the result of the imperceptible work of water lasting several thousand years. The huge cavities and tunnels of the Ice Mountain are interconnected by a string of corridors. The total length of all its moves is 5700 meters. It has 70 lakes and 58 grottoes. Some of the underground caves of the cave have a height of up to 20 meters and reach up to 100 meters across. Many grottos are richly decorated with icy crystals, stalactites and stalagmites. The most beautiful decoration can boast of the Diamond and Polar grottoes.

The first plan for a unique geological monument was compiled in the 18th century by cartographer S. Remezov, from the words of local residents who were the first guides for those eager for unusual adventures. He was far from perfect and repeatedly changed. Now 1,5 km of underground galleries are equipped for visiting tourists.

Kungur cave at any time of year leaves a lot of unforgettable impressions. It is one of the brightest creations of Nature, created only from ice and water.

Vetlan-stone

The nature of the Perm region has also created such a unique monument, as the stone Vetlan, located on the river Vishera. This object is a sheer system of cliffs, stretching at an altitude of 1750 meters.

At the top of Vetlan-stone is an observation deck, which opens a unique panorama to the endless distance. There are usually tourists who travel around Vishera.

Vishersky nature reserve

The reserve, which is located in the north-eastern part of the Krasnovishersky District, is considered to be the most beautiful corner of the Northern Urals. Here the highest peak of the edge is located - the Tulim stone (1469.8 m), the most picturesque ranges Larch, Isherim, Put-Tump, Molebny and many others. From their peaks, magnificent views are opened, and on the slopes there are mountain lakes with crystal water. On the territory of the reserve there are the mountain rivers Malaya and Bolshaya Mojva, Vishera, Nioles with rapids and rapids, beautiful waterfalls.

Here in its pristine beauty preserved forests and territories occupied by the Kurumi, stone disintegrations forming the stone seas and rivers. From animals, sable, moose, bear, beaver, marten, beaver and many others are common here. In the reserve there are about 150 species of mycobionts (lichens), 100 different types of mosses, 500 - vascular plants. For their safety and record, the Red Data Book of the Perm Region was specially created, dedicated to rare endangered plants, birds and animals only of the Kama region. Her list includes the swan-swan, peregrine falcon, golden eagle, merlin, tundra partridge, owl and many others.

In the reserve is also located a unique point of the Urals - the place of convergence of the watershed spaces of the three great rivers - the Volga, Ob and Pechora.

Basegi

Basegi - a picturesque mountain range, rising among the vast expanses of the taiga, on the western spurs of the Ural mountain massif. In the old days, it was one, now it consists of three separate peaks - the Northern, Southern and Middle Basseg. The forests in their area amaze with their untouched beauty. This is a reference object of natural taiga ecosystems.

The average Basseg is the highest point of the reserve (994 m). On its tops are pronounced slope terraces, sometimes covered with forest and kurums. The blocks of stones slipping along their slopes are covered with scaly multicolored lichens in the form of a peculiar motley pattern. A lonely standing stones-remnants and their whole congestions resemble various figures and animals.

The name of the reserve is formed from the North Russian word "baska", the meaning of which is "beautiful". At the top of the ridge is a mountain tundra belt, below it are stunning subalpine meadows. These are the places where the Rare animals of the Perm region, as well as rare plant species.

"You are responsible for your native land ..."

The nature of the region is sung in the works of many famous writers who have visited the Kama region. The cultural space at the beginning of the last century was formed around small factory settlements. Talented managers invited to stay with musicians, writers and other representatives of the creative intelligentsia. So, for example, the appearance of the village Vsevolod-Vilva took shape thanks to the patron and manufacturer Savva Morozova. Here stayed and lived at different times, BL Pasternak and AP Chekhov.

I could not help but touch the beauty of the edge and the "singer of nature" KG Paustovsky, who visited Solikamsk and Berezniki. Wrote it and writers of Perm region. About nature Urals, its history, culture, much is written by PP Bazhov. In his works, the soul of this glorious, great land, whose image runs through the writer's entire work, is embodied in a soul.

The miniatures and stories of VP Astafyev are permeated with the thought "you are responsible for your native land, for a small homeland, for the world in which you live."

"Perm the Great"

The nature of the Perm region is amazing. Picturesque caves and unusual rocks, coastal cliffs formed as a result of the activities of rains and winds, water flows are monuments created by Nature itself.

In the recently approved regional project "Perm Great" much emphasis is placed on presenting the natural beauties of the region as a business card of the region. The diversity of the landscape contributes to the development of tourism, active adventure holidays with a fairly unique historical and cultural content.

This project represents the Prikamye as a single tourist territory, consisting of the clusters "White Mountain", "Usva", "Parma" and "Aschatli". Theme parks are planned to be combined into a single route of the international level, creating it on the principle of the "Golden Ring".

What is this unique opportunity to assess the wealth of natural, cultural and historical values of the region.

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