The mandibular ligament. Lateral pterygoid muscle

Chewing muscles are called so because they participate in the complex process of mechanical grinding food. They also provide movement of the lower jaw. Due to this, a person can close and open his mouth, talk, yawn, etc. Chewing muscles are fixed on the bones the same as others. They are fixed by two ends. Moving muscle is fixed on the lower jaw. Fixed fixed on the bones of the skull. All the muscles involved in chewing food and movement of the lower jaw have a normal structure. They have a muscular part. It can contract and cause the lower jaw to move.

Kinds

Chewing muscles are much less than, for example, mimic. First of all 4. However, they perform the most important functions, including ensuring the preservation of the "corner of youth". These include muscles:

1. The temporal.
2. Chewing.
3. Lateral and medial pterygoid.

All these elements form a single structure. When one of them is shortened or deformed, the others are affected.

Lateral pterygoid muscle: photo, brief description

It has two heads. They are separated by their own connective membrane (fascia). в основании черепа. The lateral pterygoid muscle begins from the bone at the base of the skull. In this case, the beams depart from different points. The narrower (upper) protrusion extends from the transverse region of the large wing in the sphenoid bone, as well as from the trailing crest. A wider (lower) beam emerges from the side. It starts from the pterygoid lateral plate in the sphenoid bone. Fibers are combined when the anchoring point is reached.

Lateral pterygoid: functions

It should be said that this element of the musculature has various connections with other facial structures. начнет плохо функционировать или будет подвергаться деформациям, это может отразиться на деятельности других систем. If the lateral pterygoid muscle begins to malfunction or is deformed, it may affect the activities of other systems. Dysfunction of this element can cause the development of a variety of symptoms and disorders, up to the loss of hearing. обеспечивает выдвижение челюсти. The lateral pterygoid muscle extends the jaw. This is achieved by simultaneous contraction of the beams on the right and left. задействована только с одной стороны, челюсть сдвигается в противоположном направлении. If the lateral pterygoid muscle is involved only on one side, the jaw moves in the opposite direction. For example, if the right bundle is shortened, it moves to the left, and vice versa.

The medial element

This muscle is represented in the form of a quadrilateral. It acts as an important element of the mandibular ligament. The muscle is located on the inner surface of the bone, opposite the chewing, in the same direction as the bone. In some cases, their bundles are connected. The element is fixed with the help of thick shoots. There are only two. The larger one attaches to the pterygoid lateral part in the sphenoid bone, the smaller one - at the pyramidal process in the palatine part and the hillock on the upper jaw. At the bottom the muscle is also fixed in two points. Between the processes, many important structures are formed. Among them, nerves, alveolar, maxillary vessels. , обеспечивает движение нижней челюсти. The medial element, as well as the lateral pterygoid muscle , provides the movement of the lower jaw. When cutting from both sides, the bone moves forward and upward, on one side - into the side.

Chewing element

This muscle is located over the pterygoid (medial and lateral). She is quite strong, because she trains more often during chewing. Its contours are sufficiently well probed, especially when it is in a reduced state. The muscle is fixed on the zygomatic arch. It is quite complex. Muscle fibers are divided into deep and superficial parts. The latter departs from the middle and anterior parts of the zygomatic arch. The deep part is attached a little further. It departs from the rear and middle parts of the arc. The surface element passes at an angle back and down. At the same time, he covers a part located deep.

The temporal element

This muscle departs immediately from the three bones. The temporal element occupies almost 1/3 of the surface of the skull. In its shape, the muscle resembles a fan. The fibers are directed downwards and pass into a rather powerful tendon. It is fixed on the coronoid process of the lower jaw. This muscle provides biting movements. In addition, it pulls the lower jaw forward, and also raises it until it closes from the upper jaw. The temporal jaw is not distinguished by pronounced relief. However, it directly participates in the formation of "hollow temples". With weight loss or frequent nervous loads, the muscle takes on a more subtle and flat shape. The temporal line and the zygomatic arch thus acquire a relief. It is in this case that the face looks drained. With dysfunction or spasm it is very difficult to detect changes in it.