The main types of educational activities of students on GEF. Guidelines

The introduction of new standards in modern education has led to a change in the approaches to the learning process. Old methods do not allow the development of the child's personality. They give only objective knowledge, without affecting personal abilities. Consideration of techniques and characteristics of educational activities will help to see how much the quality of education of younger schoolchildren has changed.

Conversion of the school curriculum

The introduction of the federal state educational standard has led to a complete transformation of organizational and methodological activities in both management and the organization of the learning process in each individual class of primary school. The functions of participants in the education system and the sequence of interactions between them changed. The main types of educational activities of students on GEF contribute to obtaining the necessary skills that are applicable in later life.

In the management of the school establishment, fundamental changes occurred that affected all areas - from the design of the basic documents to the organization of nutrition issues for students and the interaction of teachers with parents. Considerable attention will be paid to the development in the school of an integral educational environment and material and technical base.

The result of the introduction of new standards was the need to write a new educational program for primary general education. How did it manifest itself? It required the development of educational activities with the participation of the entire teaching staff, the reassessment of work programs for training and after-hours classes and the development of new schemes for the analysis of lessons.

The monitored object for the administration of educational institutions were the achievements of students. All the main types of educational activity of students under the FOSS are monitored, children should develop comprehensively. To do this, check the intermediate, cumulative and final results of the learning process. Subject, meta-subject and personal results of studies become the main indicator of the success of the program.

Features of learning activities

The main types of educational activities of students on GEF are described in this document, and an important role is assigned to the introduction of universal learning activities (UAL). A distinctive feature of the innovation is an active character, the main purpose of which is the formation of the child's personality. The current system of education departs from the traditional opinion about the results of training in the form of acquired knowledge, skills and habits. The wording of the standard indicates the actual activities that the student must master by the end of the initial education. The requirements for learning outcomes are expressed in the form of personal, meta-subject and subject results.

What is UAD? In the broad sense, the term "universal learning activities" refers to the ability to learn. This means that the schoolchild forms an ability for self-development and self-improvement as a result of conscious and vigorous acquisition of new experiences. In a narrower sense, the term UAL can be defined as a set of ways of the student's action, ensuring the independent assimilation of new knowledge and the formation of skills. This also covers the organizational process of learning activities. Proper planning for the GEF will facilitate the task of teachers and help students develop their abilities.

And their categories

Universal educational activities help to develop the personality of the child, contribute to the development of his thinking, develop abilities and bring up high moral standards. They bring education in Russia to a whole new level and reflect the transition from the industrial education system to the new generation system. This training is formed on modern knowledge of psychology and innovative methods.

There are four categories that require development as a result of learning activities using universal learning activities: personal, regulatory, cognitive and communicative. How to develop all these qualities during the lessons? What skills should the child have as a result of the education received? Consider the order in which this or that skill will lead.

Regulatory actions

In general, everyone understands what it is, but what is included in the ability to learn?
Regulatory actions include the ability to set a specific goal, plan your life and predict the permissible circumstances. On what discipline at school do the students learn to set tasks and find their solutions? Of course, this is mathematics. Learning to solve complex mathematical examples and problems, schoolchildren, unfortunately, do not learn independence. These knowledge do not help them in overcoming actual problems.

What problems arise already at school age? For example, the problem of putting a DH. Worried parents for their children, hire tutors, spend time and money preparing for exams. And what would happen if the schoolchild had the ability to independently organize his educational activity? In the end, he could safely prepare for the exams.

For today the program of educational activity allows to develop regulative abilities at the schoolboy with the help of UAL. A pupil is also taught to set goals beforehand, to estimate the level of his knowledge and skills without exaggeration, and to find the most elementary way of solving the problem.

Nowadays the information we need is freely available on the Internet. And in order to teach the child to use it, it is necessary to radically change the approach of teachers to the organization of the educational process. The main thing in our time is to know how to use this information.

What does the teacher need to know? Instead of the old abstract, it is now necessary to prepare a scenario action plan that gives considerable freedom and determines the consistent activity of schoolchildren. Intensive for the planning of the lesson should be applied to group and paired forms of organizing students.

For example, in the orienting program on mathematics, there is a substantial increase in active forms of work aimed at involving students in the mathematical process. They must understand the mathematical material, acquire practical skills and be able to bring their reasoning and evidence. Along with this, it pays attention to the use of computers and information technology to enhance the visual and experimental component of learning.

Our life is unpredictable. It is likely that after a while when entering a university or other educational institution, the student will need the knowledge that is currently taught in a small amount in the school. So that the child does not get lost in such circumstances, he needs to master universal educational activities. The ability to learn is vital in today's society. This is a pledge of normal adjustment in the world, as well as professional career growth.

Cognitive abilities

The planned planning of educational activity helps the child develop cognitive abilities. He learns to comprehend and study the world around him. To do this, the teacher needs to teach the student not only general educational activities, such as setting goals, working with information and modeling situations, but also to teach them to think logically - to analyze, compare, classify or prove their own point of view.

Often, interest in learning appears when researching a topic. The child, turning into a small scientist, must independently find the necessary information, carry out a thorough observation, summarize his activities, and also personally assess the personal result. This method can be used in any lesson.

What will it give? Along with the emergence of interest in knowledge, which often disappears during the study period, the child develops the ability to take an unbiased attitude to the fruits of his work.

It is very helpful in research studies to compile your child's portfolio. This word often sounds in today's world. In fact, these are the results of training activities. What should the portfolio look like? The home page should contain information about its owner. On it there are photos of him and his friends, relatives, and also a narrative about himself. Then the student chooses the topic of interest, and on the following pages as much as possible reveals it.

Such a process develops a child's interest in learning and, of course, a craving for knowledge. Directly making up your own portfolio, the student learns to work with information, searches for ways how to receive new information, analyze the collected data, collates, puts forward his theories.

So from a student who only mechanically remembers school material and carries out actions according to the example of the teacher, often without comprehending the sense, the schoolboy gradually turns into an enterprising person, a self-developing personality.

Communicative actions

These are the most important qualities that a student should develop, beginning with the first classes. From this, his whole future life will depend. It is thematic planning with types of educational activity that will allow him to learn how to cooperate with the team. So he acquires the skills to enter into a conversation, participate in joint discussion of issues, clearly formulate his thoughts, justify his statements and take into account the point of view of other people.

Not all children have developed communicative abilities, and often closed or, conversely, assertiveness leads to conflicts. The teacher should purposefully teach pupils to properly defend their views, reasonably convince the other person, and be able to negotiate with the opponent. It is required to train the younger generation to build friendly relations with the team, be able to find a solution in conflict situations, provide assistance, and also effectively acquire knowledge and acquire the necessary skills in cooperation with peers. It is important for schoolchildren to learn to reach agreements with each other. This is necessary for classes in groups, and also very useful in later life when solving problems at work and in the family.

Personal qualities

By assimilating personal universal skills, the child safely accepts the norms of behavior in the world around him, learns to fairly evaluate himself and his actions. Each of us lives in his environment, and the ability to get along with other people in it is the guarantee of a full life. This is the moral aspect: be able to empathize, provide mutual help, be responsive to one's relatives.

However, for this, the child needs to learn to understand what feelings, perhaps, his classmate, friend or native person feels in certain conditions. He must be able to see that a person next to him is required, for example, emotional support, or maybe physical help. For example, help around the house a sick grandmother or help a friend walk a dog.

Also, the student learns to stand up to his own actions and influences that threaten his life and health. From a practical point of view, for a happy existence, the student should understand what specialties are most in demand today, and in which sphere he will better show his abilities and be a useful member of society. Planning for GEF will help to develop all these qualities.

Innovation for high school students

Innovations in the GEF project for general secondary education are a decrease in the number of disciplines in the senior classes. At present, pupils of grades 10-11 learn about 21 subjects. The GEF training plan will reduce their number to 12.

In view of the new standards, the school's academic activity intends to preserve for the high school students six subject areas, of which seven subjects will be preferred. There will also remain compulsory disciplines, such as physical education, OBZH and "Russia in the world."

Each of the preferred subjects will have three levels of study: integrated, basic and profile. It is planned that the profile level should be set aside five hours a week, and for the base and integrated levels - for three hours.

As a result, three profile subjects, three compulsory and three basic or integrated levels, will appear in the curriculum for high school students, and eventually will be 33 hours a week. This will prevent a lot of unnecessary knowledge and repetition. In the types of learning activities in the classroom, personal projects of schoolchildren will be introduced.

Work in groups

Unlike the previous system, the formation of educational activities in the school requires a group form of education. This involves organizing small groups in the classroom. The following forms of group collaboration stand out:

1. The pair form means that two students are doing some work together. This form of learning activity is used to achieve any instructive goal - it can be the study and consolidation of lesson materials, as well as testing knowledge from each other. Also, working in pairs gives students the opportunity to reflect on the established task, to exchange thoughts with their partner and then to voice the results of their activities before the whole class. It promotes the formation of skills to express their opinions, communicate, the ability to persuade and participate in the discussion.
2. Cooperative-group is a form of organization of instruction in small groups of students connected by one joint educational purpose. Such organization of educational activity enables the teacher to direct the work of any student indirectly, through the tasks assigned. The group in this case implements a part of the goal common to the whole class, and it also acquaints and defends the completed task in the process of collective discussion. The main conclusions in such a discussion become fundamental for the whole class and are recorded in the notebook by all present.
3. Individual-group form provides for the division of the learning task between the members of the group, when each of its members carries out its part. The results of the implementation are first negotiated and evaluated in the group, and then submitted for analysis of the entire class and the teacher.

Extracurricular Activities

The standard implies the implementation of both in-class and off-hour activities in the educational institution. Extracurricular activities for GEF are organized on the basis of the formation of personality. This can be sports, health, spiritual, moral, social, general intellectual and general cultural activities. To perform such installations, the teacher will need a lot of attention to each student. The situation is that the content of such classes should be created taking into account the wishes of students and their parents.

What can be included in such activities? They can include personal and group consultations, for example, on individual subjects for children of various categories. It is also possible to organize excursions, interest clubs, round tables, conferences, debates, school scientific societies, olympiads, competitions, various studies. Characteristics of learning activities will help determine the preferences of students and create the kind of activities that will help develop the personality.

Guidelines

The proposed methodological recommendations will help to take into account all the main types of student learning activities in GEF.

The teacher in the lesson focuses on developing the value of each task, applies specialized developmental techniques, the correct formulation of questions. He notices the student's successes in comparison with his previous results and does not compare him with his classmates.

The teacher explains for what purpose some knowledge is needed, how they can be useful in life. It is necessary to involve schoolboys to fill up a stock of knowledge at studying of a new material. To teach the methods of working in groups, to show how one can come to a common solution in group work, to learn to resolve educational conflicts.

The teacher at the lesson teaches self-examination, showing the students how to find and eliminate mistakes. Children can learn by the proposed algorithm, evaluate the results of the task, while the teacher shows and certainly explains what was put for this or that mark.

The teacher teaches children the skills that they will need in working with information - retelling, drawing up a plan, using diverse sources: directories, dictionaries and the Internet. We should focus on the formation of logical thinking abilities, various aspects of cognitive activity. The teacher directs the students' attention to collective ways of acting in different situations.

The teacher applies the project forms of work in the lesson. Extracurricular activities on GEF help students to better use the knowledge gained in practice. The teacher teaches the child to make moral choices as part of the work with the value material and its consideration. The teacher should have a desire to find ways to draw children with knowledge.

This list of techniques can be continued for a long time - the main types of educational activities of students on GEF affect the entire process of school education. It is necessary to reorganize to new standards absolutely for all teachers: both primary classes and senior ones. Students will be helped to develop their abilities only by universal teaching activities, which they will apply throughout the learning process, as well as in their personal lives.