The highest sculpture in Russia. Famous sculptures of Russia. A photo

The highest sculpture in Russia is the center of a large-scale architectural composition dedicated to the heroes-warriors of the Battle of Stalingrad. This is the monument "Motherland Calls", erected on Mamayev Hill near Volgograd.

The main parameters of sculpture

The tallest sculpture in Russia is a figure of a woman who is rapidly moving forward and is calling for her sons. The height of the statue, standing on a sixteen-foot foundation, is fifty-two meters. In the right hand, the mother-woman holds a sword. Its length is thirty-three meters. The weight of the sword is fourteen tons. The total height of the sculpture is eighty-five meters.

Such parameters indicate the uniqueness and scale of the main monument of the complex. The total weight of the statue is eight thousand tons.

The team that participated in the creation of the project

The figure of a woman is a modern interpretation of the image of the goddess of victory - the ancient Nike. She urges her daughters and sons not only to give a decisive rebuff to the enemy, but also to launch an offensive. The construction of the memorial complex was of great importance for the whole country. The government did not limit the best creative forces involved in the work, either in materials or in funds. The project manager and the main sculptor is Evgeny Viktorovich Vuchetich. His assistants were the architects Demin and Belopolsky. The project also involved sculptors Novikov, Matrosov and Tyurenkov. All of them after the construction was awarded the Lenin Prize. Vuchetich, in addition, became the Hero of Socialist Labor. He was awarded the Gold Star.

The engineering group, which worked in the construction of the monument, was led by I.V. Nikitin. Later he created the Ostankino Tower. The project also had a military consultant. They became Marshal VI. Chuikov. During the war, this military commander commanded an army that defended the Mamayev Kurgan. Later he was awarded the honor of being buried at the memorial next to the dead fighters.

Building

The Monument "Motherland Calls" was erected on October 15, 1967. The construction lasted from May 1959. At that time it was the highest sculpture in the world, therefore information about it is included in the Guinness Book of Records.

The monument is made of prestressed reinforced concrete blocks. For their manufacture, two thousand four hundred tons of metal structures were needed. Concrete at the same time used five thousand five hundred tons. And this is without the basis on which the statue is erected. The tallest sculpture in Russia stands on a plate whose height is only two meters. This foundation, in turn, rests on a foundation hidden beneath the ground.

The thickness of the walls of the sculpture, made of reinforced concrete, is relatively small. It is twenty-five to thirty centimeters. The rigidity of the huge frame is provided by ninety-nine stretched metal cables. They are inside the sculpture.

Restoration work

In the original version, the sword that the statue holds is made of stainless steel. Outside, it was lined with titanium sheets. However, with a strong wind, the sword swayed. Steel sheets rattled. And so in 1972 the blade was replaced by a completely made of fluorinated steel. During the same period, they also got rid of problems with the winds, placing blinds on top of the sword.

The highest sculpture in Russia, which is the main monument of the monument-ensemble in Volgograd, has been restored twice in the history of its existence. It first happened in 1972. Then the blade of the sword was replaced. In 1986, the hydrophobic coating of the statue was restored.

The Importance of Sculpture

Monument "Motherland Calls" E.V. Vucheticha has an amazing property. For each spectator, he produces a certain psychological impact. As the author has achieved this, each of us can only guess. Those criticisms that sounded in the address of the creation (in them it was compared with the Marseillaise on the Parisian triumphal arch), this phenomenon is not explained. The sculptor personally experienced the most brutal war in human history. His work was a tribute to all fallen and eternal remembrance alive. It is the great skill of the sculptor and allowed to create this majestic monument.

The history of monumental art

The entire period of our country's existence is rich in various events. They are reflected by monumental sculptures of Russia. Many of them were conceived and delivered, destroyed and reborn again. All existing monuments are a huge cultural layer of the country.

The sculpture of classicism in Russia is interesting. This style of European art dominated the 17-19 centuries. Those sculptures that were created in this period are characterized by harmony and clarity of images, strict organization, as well as balance.

Thus, the city of Yekaterinoslav in 1846 adorned the monument depicting Empress Catherine II. Performed in the period from 1782 to 1788 in Germany, he was for a long time in the family possessions of Goncharovs.

Very interesting is the history of monuments of St. Petersburg periods of classicism. For example, the colossal portrait bust of Alexander I was modeled by I.P. Martos and carved from marble BI. Orlovsky. In 1822, this bust became one of the first imperial monuments in the interior of the Exchange, located on Vasilievsky Island. It is worth saying that Martos has gained true fame thanks to the monument he created, established in Moscow. This monumental sculpture by Minin and Pozharsky (1818). It reflected the pathos that was characteristic of the Russian people during Napoleon's invasion.

To this day Petersburg is adorned with a monument to IA. Krylov, who appeared in 1855. The most perfect expression of the style of classicism found in another monumental work. It became a monument to Suvorov, the sculptor M. Kozlovsky. The general portrayed the author with a shield and a sword in his hands. At the same time the figure of Suvorov froze in a gusty movement. The whole sculpture is designed to synthesize the idea of triumph and citizenship. The monument, installed on Suvorov Square, is one of the most popular.

The sculpture of the silver age in Russia was created by a young generation of masters. They ceased to adhere to classicism and sought new forms of images of their heroes. The monumentality of the sculptures of this period became less significant. The most prominent work in this period is a monument to the poet Pushkin, who was raised in Pushkin. Among the significant monumental sculptures of the Silver Age - a monument to Alexander III. The sculptor P. Trubetskoy, who created it, managed to translate the image of the king in an unusually expressive and sharp form.

The Soviet period

With the coming to power of the Bolsheviks , special demands were made on sculptures. First of all, they had to be popular. In connection with this image, the workers of the village and the city, servicemen and representatives of the Soviet intelligentsia became sculptors. The monument was supposed to have an ideological meaning and show the peaceful life of the people, as well as his heroic deeds. An important factor in sculpture was the factor of concreteness. The image had to point to a process in historical development that corresponded to the materialist understanding of history.

The most significant monuments of the Soviet era

What is the tallest sculpture in Russia after the statue "Motherland Calls"? This is a memorial, erected in Murmansk. It is dedicated to the defenders of the Arctic from the German fascist invaders. Opened the memorial in 1974. Its authors are the sculptor Brodsky and the architect Pokrovsky. The height of the sculpture of the memorial is 35.5 meters. The monument with a pedestal rises to 45.5 m.

The third place in the list of the highest statues belongs to the monument to Lenin, established in Volgograd. Its height with a pedestal is 57 m.

Known to the whole world and the monument "Worker and Collective Farm Girl". This sculpture became a symbol of the Soviet era. The author of the twenty-five-meter composition is Vera Mukhina.