The furnace on working with supercharged: the design, the principle of operation. Oily oven

For heating of technical premises (garage, workshops, etc.), the furnace is used for working with or without supercharging. Proper manufacture of the device allows you to purchase a good tool for heating the premises and heating the water.

Used oil often has nowhere to put, but as a fuel it is well suited, since it is not necessary to purchase and store firewood or to spend electricity. The fuel consumption does not exceed 2 liters per hour. At the same time, it should not be especially prepared in terms of heating, cleaning and feeding by a pump under pressure.

Advantages of the furnace on working

With proper operation and observance of safety standards, the following advantages are evident in the oven.

1. Effective heating of enclosed spaces: technical rooms, greenhouses, household buildings.
2. Fast warm-up of premises.
3. Independence of the device from gas and electricity.
4. The design allows you to prepare food.
5. Under normal conditions, the oven does not give a lot of fumes and soot.
6. Ease of operation.
7. Possibility of transportation due to small dimensions and weight.
8. No open flame.
9. For the manufacture of the furnace, scrap can be used.
10. The furnace provides the burning of oil and its fumes. If used properly, the device will not be a fire hazard.

disadvantages

There are, unfortunately, shortcomings:

• The testing should be filtered, since impurities clog the feed tube;
• The need for a chimney more than 4 m in length;
• Presence of open heated surfaces;
• The need for frequent cleaning of the furnace and chimney;
• Unpleasant smell of fuel;
• Contamination of the premises and clothing when in contact with workings;
• The furnace can be extinguished only after the fuel has completely burnt out;
• Fire hazard during improper operation, for example, when overfilling with the combustion chamber;
• Oil only lights up when heated to flash point;
• Buzz in the process of work.

Operating principle

The basis for the kiln was the kerosene, which was previously used in dachas and in villages. As fuel, kerosene was used in it, the vapors of which were burned in a separate chamber. In order not to spend money on fuel, a method was developed for burning waste oil, which some enterprises give cheaply or for nothing.

Making a kiln with your own hands is not so difficult, but the combustion processes of the oils occurring in it are complex. To steam completely burned, they must be twisted for better mixing. For the complete combustion of oil, heavy components must first be split into the lungs. The process is called pyrolysis. For evaporation, it is necessary to heat the oil itself.

The principle of the oil furnace is that first the work is ignited in the lower chamber. At the same time, it receives air through the throttle, which regulates the intensity of combustion. The oil vapor along with the air rises up the vertical pipe, which together with the upper tank is the afterburner. The mixture is stirred under the action of the Coriolis force. The intensity depends on the correct choice of the length and diameter of the combustion chamber.

For complete combustion air through the lower flap comes in insufficient quantities. Therefore, it is additionally sucked through the holes made in a vertical perforated pipe connecting the tanks.

Then the flow of gases passes into the final afterburning chamber, made in the form of an expanded capacity from above. It is made with horizontal separation between the outlet of the combustion chamber and the entrance of the chimney, which is necessary to create a temperature jump between the oxygen and oxide-nitrogen afterburning zones. The fact is that at a temperature below 600 ⁰ C, nitrogen oxides are more active than oxygen, and they oxidize fuel particles first, decomposing. As the temperature rises, oxygen becomes the main oxidizing agent and harmful substances escape through the chimney to the atmosphere. Therefore, the high temperature in the upper tank is undesirable.

Types of furnaces on waste oil

The furnaces work according to the principle of afterburning of fumes when the oil is heated. A pyrolysis unit is suitable for this fuel, where it can be heated in a vacuum chamber. It produces evaporation and enters the afterburning furnace. There, too, air is supplied to support combustion. The vapor is burned with intense heat release.

The kiln can be made on your own. The material may be gas cylinders, pipes or sheet steel.

How to make a small oven with your own hands

If you own an electric welding technique, you can make an oil furnace yourself. Materials on the drawings of the furnace are prepared.

To assemble the device, you will need some tools. It:

• Apparatus for welding;
• Grinding power tools;
• Drill with drills;
• Locksmith tools.

After assembly, the joints are checked for leaks, so that oil can not leak through welds and seals.

The oil furnace on the working includes two cylindrical tanks connected by a perforated pipe. The upper tank contains inside the partition and is displaced with respect to the lower axis. Round containers can be replaced by square or rectangular ones. The stove does not work worse. On the floor the structure is installed with the help of welded legs.

A conventional oil furnace has a power of no more than 3-4 kW. It can be done more by proportional increase in size. The next stage is the installation of two afterburning chambers, a tank for working off with feeding into the first combustion chamber and a sliding furnace. The most effective is the supercharged oil heater. Receiving a power of more than 15 kW by increasing the dimensions is impractical. The rate of evaporation of oil has a limit, above which there is soot and chad.

Stove on working with supercharged

The production of two chambers requires qualitative welding, so the design is difficult. It's easier to do everything in one container. All physical and chemical processes will occur in it. In this method, the removal of heat from combustion products does not disrupt the operation of the combustion process. The optimum option is a kiln on the working from a gas cylinder with the use of pressurization.

The oven is a closed vessel with a flap from above to regulate the air supply. The air from the fan is fed through the central part through the pipe. After this, a check valve must be installed so that the flue gases do not enter the room after the forced air supply stops. In the lower part of the discharge pipe, a plurality of apertures are provided to supply the necessary amount of air to the afterburner.

Homemade furnace designs

The furnace on working out from a gas cylinder with supercharging possesses the raised thermal capacity. If the air supply is incorrect under pressure, the opposite result can be achieved until the combustion process stops. Here it is convenient to increase the length of the chimney by making a horizontal section, passing at the end into a vertical section. This improves the heating of the room due to the larger heat transfer surface, but it should be noted that if the horizontal sections are too long and there are chimney turns without boost, the furnace will not work. The height of the pipe must be not less than 4 m, the diameter - not less than 10 cm. It is permissible not more than two turns of the chimney at 90 ⁰ .

The furnace on working off with supercharging and refueling can work the long period. Increase the size of the combustion chamber can not be: the oil does not warm up. If this will melt, uncontrolled burning of a large amount of fuel creates a fire hazard. The capacity is filled by no more than 2/3 of the volume in an amount up to 0.5 liters. Refueling can be provided through a tube with a faucet according to the law of communicating vessels or fed from above by dropping through the funnel through the pipe. Small portions of oil, falling on the hot cup, instantly evaporate and ignite. The advantage of the method is the lack of a large amount of boiling oil in the combustion chamber, which creates a danger of ejection. Then even a mini-furnace with a supercharged can heat the room long enough. The difficulty lies in ensuring the continuity of the drip feed process, which is usually controlled visually. This requires thorough cleaning and dosage. Here it is necessary to give preference to industrial models. The furnace on working with supercharging and refueling works better when the oil is sprayed with air.

Such a device is built into the turbocharger, and it effectively works. It is important to ensure visual control of the supply of oil from outside the furnace. The flow rate is controlled by a tap to receive a thin trickle. This changes the power. A large amount of fuel is not needed. Here, the effect is provided by dropping oil droplets on the hot surface of the cup. When the fuel comes in a little, the oven can be easily extinguished by cutting off its supply.

Self-made structures are conveniently fed from an external tank through the float level control. The flow of fuel into the combustion chamber is created through communicating vessels. The power of the furnace varies due to the air damper.

The supercharging can be used to strengthen the thrust, since the effective removal of combustion products is no less important than the injection of oxygen into the furnace. Extraction is improved in two ways - injection and ejector.

The ejector design of the supercharged stove is preferable, since there is enough fan capacity of 1500 l / h (kitchen, computer or industrial VN-2).

Means for improving the efficiency of furnaces

A simple mini-furnace with supercharging does not always suit users because of low productivity and low functionality. To improve its work, additional devices are used.

1. Oven with a water circuit. The operation of the furnace with the selection of heat for water heating is organized by tying the housing with a coil or creating a water jacket on the chimney. In the first version, the coil is made of a copper pipe built into the heating system of the house. Through it, the coolant is circulated. A water jacket made of metal is made in the upper part of the furnace body. It also circulates the heat transfer fluid. The simplest devices are a pipe passing inside the afterburner chamber and a casing on the chimney. In order for the furnace to be effective with supercharging, the amount of water in the tank in contact with it must be at least 30 liters. Economizer allows you to heat rooms with large areas. The furnace with a water circuit must have an expansion tank with an emergency drain if the liquid boils. The membrane capacity is not recommended.
2. Air heat exchanger. Many people confuse it with supercharging, but the principle of their work is different. The simplest heat exchanger is blowing the stove with a fan. The method does not require any structural changes, and the heating of the room is improved. It is also possible to drive air through a pipe mounted in the afterburner chamber or through a box installed on top of the stove. The main difference between the air heat exchanger and the boost is that the air is not in contact with the fuel and combustion products, but is heated through the wall. Too cool the afterburner is not recommended, because it burns environmentally harmful nitrogen oxides. It is better to take heat from the chimney at the entrance to which the temperature of the combustion products is about 400 ^° C.

Operation of the furnace

First, the oven is kindled. Here, rags, paper and flammable liquids are used. The solvent or gasoline is poured on the surface of the oil and quickly ignited with a long torch. Long wait can not be, otherwise a mixture of vapors of combustible liquid with air is formed and ignition occurs with cotton. The ignition with flammable liquids requires special care.

Fuel overflow is not allowed, otherwise an explosion may occur. After warming up, the oil begins to boil. The process is regulated by the air damper.

The containers are periodically cleaned with a metal brush. Locations of accumulation of carbon are taped with a hammer.

The operation of such an aggregate, as an oven with a water circuit, is constantly monitored, since it is necessary to ensure that the amount of coolant is not below normal. With antifreeze should be handled carefully, not allowing it to hit the body.

Conclusion

Burning waste oil is preferable to recycling. Especially since a special furnace has been developed for working with supercharged, for which no heating oil is required , and it is possible to burn oil directly. The expediency of its application also lies in a high efficiency, reaching 80%. A self-made furnace for working with supercharged can be made from improvised means, which will save considerable money.