The device of a floor on a concrete plate: installation, materials, tools, the instruction

Floors, arranged on concrete floors, are capable of undergoing high loads. That is why they quite often act as the main node of multi-storey houses. Stacking plates is a fairly simple task, but the material features make adjustments to the process of floor installation. To date, there are several technologies that can be used when laying the floor on a concrete overlap. They will be discussed below.

Creating a screed on a concrete slab

The installation of a floor on a concrete slab may involve the use of technology when the surface is poured with a solution. It can be prepared using cement, sand and water. In some cases, a special mixture is used for this purpose. At the first stage, the plate is inspected for defects. This will allow you to know which zones should be given more attention. Apply a primer to the surface with a brush or roller. It is better to use the composition of deep penetration.

After the substrate dries, you can go to the screed pouring. Its layer should not be very thick. The task is to hide defects and leveling the surface. A day later the screed will dry a little, at this moment it should be covered with a thick film. Cloths in this case should go to the walls at 15 cm.

How to make the floor even

Throughout the area are installed rails of wood or metal profiles, which will act as beacons. When the floor is installed on a concrete slab, the next step in the corner of the room is to install the laser level.

Its light rays will determine the contour of the upper level of the floor. It is for this placement that the finishing is carried out. Beacons should be located throughout the area. Strong yarns are tightened from opposite walls, the fixing of which is carried out by self-tapping screws. Beacons can be fixed with a screed solution or a plaster mixture.

Warming of the floor and pouring of the finish layer

Warming of concrete floors with their own hands on the described technology involves the use of expanded clay. It does not provide for the need to protect the film, which distinguishes the material from the porous thermal insulation. Then you can start laying the main screed. It should be dense, and its thickness usually varies from 5 to 15 cm.

To form an even floor, the rule is used. He is laid on lighthouses and stretched out on himself. Excess solution will be at the wall and fill irregularities. After the solution has dried, the beacons are removed, and the resulting gaps are filled with the solution. Finishing is carried out on an absolutely dry surface.

Selection of material for concrete floor insulation

In the market of building materials today are presented insulation in a wide range. Among others it is necessary to allocate mineral cotton wool, which is characterized by moisture resistance, and also ecological compatibility. With its help can be made and noise insulation of the floor, because the material has a fibrous structure, so the layers do not pass through the noise and heat.

Fibers do not absorb moisture, but mineral wool passes through it, so during operation it can begin to blow. If you want to make a floor installation on a concrete slab with insulation, mineral wool can only be used if the system assumes a log. In addition, steam and waterproofing should be used in this case.

Using extruded foam and foam glass

Extruded polystyrene foam and polystyrene are able to protect the house from heat loss. These materials provide steam and moisture resistance, they are highly rigid and do not deform if the concrete cover is insulated with such a cloth.

Among the shortcomings should be allocated the ability to release into the external environment toxic substances and brittleness. In the domestic market a relatively new material is foam glass. It does not pass heat and moisture and perfectly conducts steam. Foam glass is environmentally safe and durable. However, it is fragile, so it can only be laid under a raised floor.

Features of insulation of concrete slab

The device of a floor on a concrete plate can assume a laying of a heater. If the construction is old, and there is a coating on the floor, then it must be completely removed. The surface is leveled, for this hollow can be covered with expanded clay or other loose material.

The next step is laid thin layer screed, the purpose of which is to fix the loose material in place. After the prepared layer collects strength, it is possible to start laying the waterproofing. For this purpose, a polyethylene film or a waterproof membrane is suitable. Laying of canvases must be carried out overlapping, and the joints should be glued with adhesive tape. The material should be wound on the wall surface by 15 cm.

Methods of work

The installation of a floor on a concrete slab in the next stage involves the installation of thermal insulation. When it was decided to use polyurethane foam as a foam, it is necessary to purchase the material in the form of bottles with foam to spray on the prepared substrate. If you decide to choose polystyrene, then it should be laid on special glue. The layer of insulation is covered with waterproofing. The joints of the insulation material and the waterproof layer must not coincide.

Gidrobarer not strengthened, it should only be glued with scotch tape. On the formed "pie" you can lay a wet or semi-dry screed, which will make a rough finish and the base under the decorative coating. In addition, it is possible to protect the floor from cold with a thin sheet of polyurethane foam, carpet or linoleum.

Wooden floor on concrete floor

If you decide to implement the device of a wooden floor on a concrete base, then you can prefer a technology that involves the use of logs. Such designs are most often used in wooden houses or apartments. The advantages are unquestionable, they are expressed in making the floor noise and heat insulating properties. With the help of logs, any base can be leveled, whereas under the floor, in this case, engineering communications are usually located.

If you decided to resort to this technology of flooring, it is important to know whether it is worthwhile to fix the lags to the concrete floor. Opponents of such an approach emphasize that such a procedure destroys the screed, and the junction of the base and the lag form the bridges of sound transmission. Proponents of rigid fixation note that the deformation of wooden beams reduces all efforts to repair.

In fact, the issue of soundproofing is controversial. Rigid designs transmit sound, but to exclude this effect, lagging is laid between the lags, which has soundproofing properties. If you still decided to resort to the technology of installing a wooden floor on the concrete floor, then at the first stage all the garbage is removed from the room, cracks are erased, and the protrusions are knocked over.

Further waterproofing, because the wood needs to be protected from moisture. To do this, you should use:

• Penetrating formulations;
• Hydrophobic mastics;
• Roll materials;
• Dense film.

When the installation of the floor on a concrete slab in the apartment, it is necessary to stock up with fasteners and supports to raise the logs. When choosing a substrate, it is necessary to be guided by the recommendation that the material should be rigid. Over time, it should not sink to prevent the appearance of backlash in the points of support. Use for this you can pieces of plywood and thin boards. But after visiting the building store, you can buy special plastic substrates.

The lag is laid perpendicularly to the sunlight falling from the window. The distance between the beams should depend on the thickness of the rough coat. The stronger and thicker the sheets, the farther apart lags can be located. Usually this parameter varies from 40 to 50 cm. The marginal bars should be removed from the wall by 3 cm, everything else will depend on the width of the room.

Mounting the system

After assembling the battens, the horizontal plane must be checked using the building level. Foamed polyethylene, linoleum or roofing material is placed under the supports. These materials will act as shock absorbers and provide additional waterproofing of the tree. Once the log system is ready, it will remain fixed to the floor. Fasteners can be provided in one of three ways:

• Anchor fastenings;
• Galvanized corners and dowels;
• Self-tapping screws.

Laying of linoleum on concrete floor

The device of a floor on a concrete slab of the basement can assume the use of linoleum. At the first stage, a foundation is prepared, the quality of which will depend on the life of the finish coat. It is important to exclude depressions and protrusions, which will help to cause wear of linoleum. If the difference in altitude exceeds 2 mm per square meter, the hollows shpaklyuyutsya, and the protrusions are eliminated by knocking. After this, a new floor screed is performed, usually using a cement or concrete mortar, as well as liquid mixtures.

Before laying linoleum on the concrete floor, it is important to lay the film, and then - the insulation material. When laying the finish layer in the room, the temperature should not be lower than +18 ° C, while the humidity should not exceed 68%.

On each side, when painting linoleum should be 10 cm. If there are seams, then they need to be arranged in the direction of light from the windows, so they will be less noticeable. You can lay linoleum without gluing, with the help of glue or mastic, and also with the use of an adhesive tape. The most effective and time consuming will be technology using glue or mastic. For large areas, this technique is the only correct one.

Selecting a substrate for a laminate

Substrate under the laminate on the concrete floor should be matched by you even before the start of work. As it can be used natural materials, which are produced in sheets or rolls. In this case we are talking about a cork layer that provides excellent sound and heat insulation. However, this material assumes the need for an ideal alignment. Such a substrate under the laminate on the concrete floor must be laid on a dense polyethylene film, and the surface must first be cleaned with a vacuum cleaner.

Among the artificial materials should be allocated "Isolon", which is a foam polyethylene. It can have a foil surface that effectively reflects heat inside the room. Additional noise insulation of the floor is also provided with the help of "Polyform". This substrate is similar in characteristics to "Isolon", but it has a lower cost.

Instead of the conclusion: a warm floor on a concrete screed

On the screed before laying the warm floor it is necessary to lay the insulation. As usual, a cork substrate or polypropylene is used. At the next stage the damper tape is laid , only after you can start to install elements of warm floors.

If the system is based on water pipes, then their laying is carried out with some distance in the range of 10 to 30 cm. The fastening of the pipes is carried out by fastening profiles, which are fixed to the surface by screws and dowels. When the warm floor is arranged on a concrete screed, the next step is to lay a metal mesh, only then it is necessary to start pouring the screed. The temperature in the room during these works should be plus. Concreting should start from the far corner of the room, finishing the process at the door.