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The concept of "art". Types and genres of art. Tasks of art

The concept of "art" is known to everyone. It surrounds us throughout life. Art plays an important role in the development of mankind. It appeared long before the writing was created. From our article you can learn about the role and tasks.

What is art? general information

The concept of "art" is quite multifaceted. Usually it means the branch of human activity that can satisfy one spiritual need, namely, love of the beautiful. Art is a special form of social consciousness. It is this that represents the artistic reflection of human life. Thanks to him you can find out how people lived at that other time interval.

The very first author who discovered the notion of "art" was Charles Batoe. He created a whole treatise in which he classified this branch of human activity. His book "Fine Arts, reduced to a single principle" was published in 1746. Charles Bateux believes that they can be determined by several criteria. The author is sure that art brings pleasure, and also it has a spiritual, and not a bodily nature.

The notion of "art" includes painting, music, poetry, architecture and much more, which we face every day. Any kind of artistic activity is characterized by certain positive qualities. Each sphere of art has a special way of reproducing reality and artistic tasks. All kinds of artistic activity are divided into genera and genres.
Usually art is divided into three groups:

  • Tonic (music and poetry);
  • Shaped (architecture, painting and sculpture);
  • Mixed (choreography, acting, oratorical art and others).

There are various types of art:

  • Spatial, in which, through the construction, a visible image is revealed (sculpture, architecture);
  • Temporary, in which the meaning develops in real time composition (poetry, music);
  • Spatio-temporal - spectacular art (circus performance, cinema, choreography).

Graphic arts

The art of graphics is a kind that includes drawing and printed graphics of images (engraving, minotopy and others). Its expressive means - a contour, a stroke, a background and a spot. It is known that this is the most popular kind of fine art. In terms of its content and form of graphics has much in common with painting.

Engraving is a kind of graphics in which a drawing is a printed impression. Apply it with a special engraver. Engraving can be depicted on metal, wood and linoleum.

Another popular type of graphics is lithography. This is a special way of flat printing, in which the printed surface is the surface of a stone. This kind of art was invented in 1798. The image on the stone is applied using a special carcass or pencil.

The art of graphics is the oldest of all. The first images exist since the Neolithic and Bronze Age. Our ancestors scratched the picture on the walls of caves and rocks. After a while images were applied to weapons and household items. After the writing appeared, graphics were used for the design of letters, books and letters.

Methods for copying drawings for many years were unknown. That's why all the images were created in a single copy. It's no secret that today such graphic drawings are in demand among collectors.

In the middle of the 20th century, specialists began to develop the technique of black and white graphics. More than 20 variants of the graphic invoice were created. Teaching aids have been published. Today, graphics take a leading place in art.

Bento

Bento is an unusual art for children and adults. It's no secret that many parents do not know how to accustom their child to a healthy diet. Today, on the shelves of stores there is a large selection of harmful and even dangerous food. A new kind of art - bento - can come to the rescue. It appeared in China. This term Chinese people call food, which they pack into special boxes and take with them to study or work. Bento is a work of art that can be eaten. Talented housewives and cooks create from the food figurines and small paintings. The main difference of this meal is the balance and presence of a large number of vitamins. The Chinese create an edible work of art only from useful food.

Bento is an art for children and adults, thanks to which the child will be pleased to use healthy products. At us it is still not so popular, but several masters who have mastered this technique already know.

The influence of art on the mind and life of the child. How to explain the child contemporary works of art?

Art plays an important role in the life of the child and the development of his personality. Today absolutely every person should have at least basic knowledge about this or that field of activity. Society is rapidly developing, and therefore each person must be multifaceted. Many modern parents try as early as possible to instill in their child a love of art. For this, a considerable number of methods of upbringing have been developed, which can be used from the first months of a child's life.

The concept of the types of art a child receives at school. Usually parents, teachers and educators pay a lot of attention to writing, reading, counting and other subjects for which the left hemisphere of the brain is responsible. For the development of the right will need to engage in music, dance and other arts. It is important to develop both hemispheres of the brain in order to become a fully formed personality in the future.

Thanks to mastering the art of the child:

  • The personality is formed;
  • The level of intellectual potential rises;
  • Moral guidelines are formed;
  • Develops the ability of creative thinking;
  • There is self-confidence and self-esteem;
  • Develops memory and attention;
  • Widens my horizons.

In order to acquaint the child with art, it is important first of all to organize an area in which all materials necessary for creative activity will be stored. You will need to have several books about art at home. From early childhood the child needs to read them. It is important to discuss everything studied. To get acquainted with art, you need at least once a month to visit with your child museums, galleries, theaters and exhibitions. In no case should you throw away drawings, appliqués and handicrafts created by the hands of children. Thanks to them you can see the creative growth of the child. It is also important to write it down as soon as possible in a thematic circle, classes in which they will like.

Some works of contemporary art cause bewilderment on the part not only of children, but also of adults. Often this or that child does not understand the architecture that was designed by modernists. It is important to explain to the student that any work of art is an important stage in the development of mankind.

A lot of questions in children cause abstract pictures. There are a lot of special publications, thanks to which parents can show the child how difficult it is to create such a work of art. One of them is "To Kandinsky himself."

Often, children are interested in whether modern and primitive art can be compared . This and much more you can find out in our article.

Art. History of its development in Russia

A large number of various kinds of arts are known. Each of them has its own peculiarities and advantages. What is fine art, almost everyone knows. He is introduced to children at an early age.

Fine art is a kind of artistic activity, thanks to which the master can reproduce the surrounding world with the help of special means. His history in Russia is divided into two periods, the boundary of which was designated by Peter's reforms. In Ancient Rus painting was closely associated with the veneration of icons. Icons had their own peculiar artistic style. The purpose of such works of art is to show prayerful concentration and tranquility in communicating with God. This explains the presence in the icons of the presence of some artistic means. Over time, the masters mastered the Byzantine style, opened iconography schools. The most famous work is the "Trinity" of A. Rublev. Icons of the 15th-16th centuries are distinguished by the harmony of colors.

In the 17th century, the icons of the "Fryazh letter" were popular. They are characterized by elements of Western European painting, namely oil paints, the likeness of the cut-off modeling, accurate images of people and nature. Interest in the icon as a work of art emerges only in the 19th century.

Ancient Russian sculpture existed in the form of carvings on stone and wood. Most often the masters depicted images of saints. Particular attention was paid to the face. In the 18-19th centuries, sculptors and painters from other countries were in demand. After some time domestic masters became popular.

In the 18th century, the most popular is academism in painting. It is characterized by the severity of the drawing, the conventional coloring and the use of stories from the Bible and mythology. Thus, national art gradually developed.

In 1860-1880 the first galleries were opened, and domestic masters became known throughout the world. Gradually, new directions arise. Each of them occupied an important place in the formation of cultural heritage. In the 18-19th centuries, mankind not only knew what fine art was, but also actively used it.

Themes revealed in art

Surprisingly, all the themes and problems that the artist discovers in his works of art are relevant for many centuries. The ancient Romans claimed that art, unlike human life, is eternal. This is not accidental. The themes in art illuminate public problems, which are often found today. That is why they are of great value to humanity. Masters often disclose in their works the theme of love, nature and friendship.

Over time, the direction in art changes and new masters appear, but the themes and images remain unchanged. That is why any work remains relevant for many years.

Art and its role

The role of art in the life of society is invaluable. It is based on an artistic image of reality. Art forms the spiritual appearance of people, their feelings, thoughts and worldview. An imaginative recreation of reality creates our personality. Art helps to develop and improve. And also to know the world around you and yourself.

Art is a cultural heritage. Thanks to works of art you can find out how people lived at one time or another. Recently, various art methods have become very popular. Through art, you can learn to control yourself. Creating an art object, you can forget about the problems and get rid of depression.

Art and its tasks

Maxim Gorky believed that the tasks of art consist in the moral and aesthetic evaluation of all significant phenomena. The writer said that through this you can learn to understand yourself, fight against vulgarity, be able to understand people and find in them something good. Today, three functions of artistic activity are known. The tasks of art are research, journalism and enlightenment. Masters believe that the function of artistic activity is to carry the beautiful into the souls and hearts of people. Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol claimed that the task of art is to depict reality.

Modern and primitive art

Many are interested in whether modern and primitive art can be compared . At first glance, this is impossible. However, it is not. If you perceive art as a way of self-expression of personality, then both the modern and the primitive are in the same plane. Comparing them, one can understand how the perception of a person has changed.

Human thinking has become more abstract. This indicates the active development of intelligence. Over time, people have changed priorities and today perceives life not as primitive ancestors. Previously, the masters were interested in the appearance of the object and its form, and now the main role in the works is occupied by emotions. Such a difference exists since the end of the 19th century.

Summing up

It is important from an early age to develop not only the left, but also the right hemisphere of the brain. For this, it is necessary to engage in art. It is especially important to pay due attention to the creative development of the child. We strongly recommend doing this from the first years of his life. Not everyone understands the role, tasks and types of art. Briefly described information in our article allows you to get basic knowledge about various artistic fields of activity.

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