Stratigraphic scale of Russia. International Stratigraphic Scale

Chronostratigraphic classification has a common goal. It consists in the systematic dismemberment of the sequence of layers of the planet into divisions. They have their own names, which correspond to the intervals of geological time. The article will examine in more detail geochronological and stratigraphic scales. They serve not only as a basis for a temporary relationship. Stratigraphic, geochronological scale - these are the accepted standards. They are used to record geological events.

International Stratigraphic Scale

The emergence of this system is an important discovery in the history of mankind. It is the basis of stratigraphy. The methods for obtaining information on the geological history of the development of the earth's crust were discovered using a planetary scale. MSU is an important element that can solve many geological problems. Without this system, it would be impossible to create many maps of the world and descriptions of individual large areas, for example, tectonic, geological, paleogeographic, paleoclimatic, paleolandscape and many others.

Terminology

The notion of a "common stratigraphic scale" is found most often in Russian sources. Its meaning is understood as the universal nature of the system and the global scope of its application. The stratigraphic scale is a special sequence of taxonomic units. This system can be considered as a standard of the absolute geological period, during which the sedimentary shell of the Earth was formed. It reflects the ideal complete cut of the terrestrial stratosphere without various overlaps and omissions.

Application area

This system is widely used as a measuring ruler for individual geological segments. It is also used to determine the relationship of any intervals of the stratosphere. At the same time, their one-time or multi-recurrence is established. All of the above elements make the international stratigraphic scale the basis for the compilation of a chronology of events. This measurement structure is the basis for restoring the geological history of the planet.

Standards

The totality of elements, which includes a stratigraphic scale, is a geological language of a global scale. Its spelling is in accordance with the standards of the interstate agreement. Professional language is one of the many functions of the system. The International Geological Congress is involved in the installation of these standards. Also in this process the union of geosciences is involved. For a long time, these structures are organized by special representative assemblies, in the course of which regular changes are made to the MSU. At the last meeting of the International Geological Congress, it was called the scale of geological time.

MSU subdivisions

These elements are not reified paleontological systems or biostratigraphic structures. These units have only a temporary meaning, that is, chronostratigraphic. For this reason, they are not used for direct separation and interconnection of the sections. The subdivisions, which includes the stratigraphic scale, in fact represent only some time intervals. They, in turn, are represented in the rocks. Upon the appearance on the site of a section of a certain feature, their boundaries are fixed. This is best done under appropriate conditions. The attribute must be isochronous, preferably from a chemical or physical nature.

Modern realities

Currently, this version of the international stratigraphic scale, which is mainly based on regional units. In particular, on the West European system. It has its own historical-geological character. The stratigraphic scale with tiers shows the natural stages of development of certain areas of the Earth's surface, as well as the biota that inhabited it. At the same time, one can not deny the obvious - the historical-geological principle is really working successfully. However, its application is effective exclusively in the field of any one region or sedimentary basin. The use of this item in the development of the international stratigraphic scale is not possible. This is due to the fact that the stages of development of different sites are often not similar in duration of time intervals. Nevertheless, they are synchronized in a certain way because of the impact of global factors.

Main tendency

The output on the linear scale of geological time in years is realized through a combination of many elements. It is necessary to use all factors and dated events of a global and regional scale. Other stratigraphic elements are also needed.

The factors that prevent the completion of MSU

The Interdepartmental Strategic Committee of Russia has severely criticized the latest development of the system. The fact is that the domestic organization decided to follow the geological traditions in the future. The Russian committee refuses to use the international strategic scale in the form in which it functions now. This is due to the peculiarities of its intervals, terminology and nomenclature. All these elements, from a practical point of view, contradict those contained in the general stratigraphic scale of Russia. In addition, they have insufficient arguments. The official subjective reason that prevents the completion of the international stratigraphic scale is the beliefs of many domestic geologists. They believe that the ISU should reflect the geological history of the planet's development as much as possible. This belief is fixed in the relevant code of the Russian Federation. Thus, Russia's stratigraphic scale is an isolated system today.

Additional information about MSU

The International Strategic Directory reflects a set of data relating to the main aspects of the system: principles, definitions, concepts, categories, which include a stratigraphic scale, procedures and so on. This system consists mainly of standard units, which are dated in years. Their breakdown is based on the study of the schematic arrangement of rocks. The system combines two different types of scales: chronostratigraphic and chronometric. The former is currently perceived as a structure for measuring the schematic location of rocks with standard sections that are selected in stratotype boundaries. The second type is based on units of duration. For example, in years, while the standard is the second.

The main tasks of the system

The first goal pursued by the stratigraphic scale is the identification of local temporary relationships. Of great importance for the geology of all regions is the setting of the relative age of the layers. These aspects do not depend on any schemes of chronostratigraphic units of a global nature. Secondly, the development of a standard scale is necessary. It is necessary to establish the complete systematic ordering of certain chronostratigraphic elements. They have their own names and are applied on a regional and worldwide scale. It is assumed that this hierarchy will become the basis of the standard. It should determine the age of the rock layers, and also allow them to correlate them with the history of the planet. Ideal is the option in which the standard scale will fill the whole sequence without any overlaps and omissions.

Chronostratigraphic classification

This system is the organization of rocks in the unit. It is based on such criteria as age and time of formation. The main goal of the system is the organization of rocks that form the earth's crust, in certain subdivisions. They, in turn, have their own names, which correspond to the intervals of the geological period. These elements are the basis for a temporary relationship and a system for recording geological events of history.

Subdivision

This element is a collection of all layers of rocks that are combined together on a certain basis. In particular, the process of their formation in the period of one interval matters. The unit includes exclusively the breeds that were formed in a certain period of the history of the planet. These elements are limited by isochronous surfaces. Their relative size and ranks are set by the duration of the time period that they reflect. To compile the chronostratigraphic hierarchy, the thickness of the sediments that are part of the units is not needed.

Other terms

In many directories, the designation of subdivisions of different ranks and time volumes is carried out using the elements listed below.

Chronostratigraphic complex includes the following terms:

1. Tier.
2. Aonotema.
3. System.
4. Series.
5. Eretema.
6. The substitute.

Geochronological equivalents:

1. Century.
2. Aeon.
3. Period.
4. Era.
5. The Epoch.
6. Suspended.

Types of adjectives pointing to the position within the chronostratigraphic object:

1. Upper.
2. Lower.
3. Average.
4. Basal.

Types of adjectives related to the geochronological subdivision:

1. Late.
2. Early.
3. Average.