Starter "GAZelle": device, malfunction, repair

The design of any car provides an element such as a starter. "GAZelle" is no exception. This element is a separate electric motor, which ensures the rotation of the crankshaft engine. What is a starter and how it works - later in this article.

Characteristic

This element can be characterized by a DC motor. After all, the element receives energy from the car's battery and uses four brushes to convert it into torque. The latter elements serve to increase the power of the motor itself.

Technical data

"GAZelevsky" starter of a reducer type operates from a network of 12 volts. The rated power is 1.5 kW. There are nine teeth on the drive gear. The nominal current consumption is 550 amperes. The torque of the starter is 20 Nm. Brushes are copper graphite. Installed in an amount of 4 units.

Device

How is the starter arranged? "GAZelle" is quite a simple car. Therefore, a long study of the design of the starter will not have to. So, the main components of this element are:

• Electrical engine.
• Retractor relay.
• Anchor.
• Overtaking clutch. Also it is called bendix.
• Brushes and holders.

All this is placed in a separate metal case. Usually it is cylindrical. To the inner wall of the starter, 4 excitation windings and a core are attached. How is the starter fixed? "GAZelle" (402 motor) is equipped with this element at the "bell" of the gearbox, next to the engine flywheel, with which the element directly acts. The element is fastened to several bolts. And the screw is screwed into the core, and the one already presses the winding to the wall of the starter.

Anchor

Without this element, no modern starter can manage. "GAZelle" is no exception. Anchor is made of alloy steel and has the form of an axis. The mechanism presses collector plates, as well as the core. In the design of the latter there are grooves for laying the armature windings. Their ends are fixed in a circular order. The winding is installed on a dielectric basis. The internal diameter of the body and core is directly related to each other. The anchor is attached to the rear and front cover of the starter using a brass bushing. The latter also serves as a bearing.

Relay starter "GAZelle"

Its motorists are called "retractors". The element is designed to transfer the voltage from the ignition to the electric motor of an element such as a starter. "GAZelle" (406 engine) with a certain turn of the key starts to run. The mechanism pushes the overrunning clutch. This is the work of the retractor relay. In the rear part of the mechanism there are power contacts and a movable "jumper". The first are ordinary bolts that are pressed into the ebonite cover. With the help of nuts, the terminals from the battery are connected to it.

Overrunning clutch

In the common people it is called bendix. The mechanism interacts with the relay core by means of a movable "rocker". Himself bendiks represents a roller moving mechanism. It is fixed on the shaft of the anchor. The main purpose of the overrunning clutch is the transfer of torque to the flywheel by using gears of engagement. When the engine has successfully started, the flywheel crown and the drive gear disconnect. So the starter does not work idle. When transferring the torque in one direction, the rollers on the separator exit the grooves and fix the gear on the outer cage. As soon as the direction changes, they "hide" in the separator, the element rotates independently of the outer cage.

Dismantling

If the machine started to start badly, it is necessary to disassemble the starter. "GAZelle" first of all is put on "transfer". Next, remove the terminal from the battery. Where is the starter located? "GAZelle" is completed with this element on the clutch housing on the right side of the engine. And it does not matter what kind of engine you have - 406th or 405th. The dismantling process is the same. So, we unscrew the bolts with a "10" head, and the power wire with a "13" key. The cord itself, which goes to the retractor relay, has its own connector, so it can be removed easily without keys.

Disassembly

How do we dismantle the starter with our own hands? "GAZelle" continues to stand still, and we take the element out. First of all, remove the back cover. It is attached to two studs. You will need the key "for 10". If the lid comes out tight, you can use a hammer. With light blows, take it out. We take out the brushes, the winding, the anchor and the plate. We examine the state of the elements. Since we have a gear-driven starter, add a little grease to the gear element. We also process the rolling bearing oil . It is unacceptable to have oxides and rust inside. To eliminate it, use a carburetor cleaner. The composition thoroughly flushes all the dirt from the cover and internals of the starter. But be careful - the product is highly poisonous. Work should be in protective gloves. After cleaning the element from dirt, we check the winding for mechanical damage. For any deformation, the part must be replaced. And it does not matter whether it's an anchor, winding, plate or other element. It is very important to inspect the teeth of the bandix. If they are worn out, the element changes to a new one.

Frequent faults

Among those, it is necessary to note the breakdown of the starter relay. The reason for this is the displacement of the contact disc or the winding breakage. Also, the contact of the power circuit is broken, because of which the element simply refuses to work. The reason can be banal - poor tightening of wires or oxidation of contacts. Another common problem is that the starter rotates, but the motor does not start (too low speed of rotation). In this case, experts note the high viscosity of the oil, weak tightening of the tips and breaking contacts in the brush assembly. Although often the problem is a worn out battery. A successful start requires a voltage of at least 12.5 volts (the higher, the better). Already at 10 volts the motor does not start. How do I clean the contacts? You can use a special cleaner or apply a coarse-grained sandpaper. She also copes well with rust and oxides. The main thing is not to use the VD-40, because it contains oil. And as you know, it does not conduct an electric current. Yes, for rusty bolts this is an excellent tool, but you should not clean contacts.

Cost

How much does a new starter cost for GAZel? The price of the element is from three to five thousand rubles. If cleaning did not help, it makes sense to replace the whole element. The price is more than affordable.

, как его снять и отремонтировать своими руками. So, we found out what the starter of the car "GAZelle" is, how it works , how to remove it and repair it with your own hands.