Insulated Swedish plate (USH)

Monolithic slab as a foundation is becoming increasingly common in the construction of cottages. Most of the houses have low thermal insulation properties, and they freeze in winter, taking heat through the floor. To prevent the cold from reaching the first floor through the ground, a heated Swedish plate with a heat-insulating layer is used. For a solid solid foundation installed under the entire building, do not pose a danger of soil movement. Moves together with it simultaneously do not cause stress concentrations in the structure and do not lead to the destruction of the foundation. Therefore, the plate is called "floating".

Advantages of the insulated Swedish plate

In the technological process, all communications are laid in the foundation. The insulated Swedish plate contains water heating in a monolithic floor, which allows not to install radiators on the first floor. Pipes are laid throughout the area, evenly warming the first floor of the building. By conventional technology, a screed is poured into the underfloor, which is not required in this case.

During winter time, the soil beneath the house does not freeze, and therefore there is no ruffiness. Compared with conventional foundations, it is much more economical to use energy for heating a heated Swedish plate. Reviews on its quality in this regard are only positive. Fixed insulated formwork additionally protects the house from cold weathering.

Communications are derived from the floor in the required places with an accuracy of centimeters.

The drainage pipes laid along the perimeter ensure the removal of excess moisture from the UWP. The insulated Swedish plate must be on a dry base. Drainage drains are collected in separate tanks or discarded in a common system.

Insulated Swedish stove: problems

The main difficulties arise primarily of an economic nature. The high cost of installation is associated with the costs of materials and high requirements for manufacturers' qualifications. The insulated Swedish plate is not erected by its own hands, since mistakes made during the construction will be difficult to correct later. For small structures, for example for a bath, something similar can be created. Large costs for the construction of the foundation subsequently pay off due to subsequent high energy-saving indicators. Therefore, the insulated Swedish plate ultimately has an optimal price-quality ratio.

A small thickness of the slab requires the use of high technologies and modern materials. Still it is not known, how many years the heater under the foundation.

The absence of a basement is also a drawback of the design. But with the further increase in its popularity, there will certainly be alternative variants with great functionality.

The possibility of repairing utility networks remains questionable if they are embedded in the foundation. The insulated Swedish stove can withstand the test of time, provided that the European quality of installation is ensured during its erection.

Preparation

The foundation is shallow and does not require significant amounts of excavation. Usually, only the fertile layer is removed. It is not allowed to flood the slab directly on a muddy or peaty ground. In this case, it is necessary to dig the base 400-500 mm deeper, fill it with a layer of coarse-grained sand and compact it.

The geotextile is lined with lined ground and covered with sand by a layer of 15 cm. It is rammed and drain pipes (on the perimeter of the house and under the slab) are laid on it, communications are laid. They are covered with sand, which is watered and layer-by-layer compacted.

Laying of thermal insulation

The heat insulation from extruded polystyrene (EPS) is laid all along the perimeter with a layer of 20-30 cm and on the side, as a non-removable formwork. If you use a carbon insulation, it will be better able to withstand large compressive stresses. It is placed in two layers with intermediate waterproofing from PVC film. At the edges should be protrusions, preventing the formation of cold bridges in the junction.

If an open terrace is supposed to be attached to the house, then its territory is separated from the main concrete mass with a thermal insulation board made of expanded polystyrene. Then the insulated Swedish plate will not let the cold into the inner rooms.

Installation of a "warm floor"

On the EPPS stack on the stands a double grid made of wire-bonded reinforcement, and above it are pipes made of molecularly cross-linked polyethylene for the warm floor. They are checked for leaks and filled with air or water under pressure, so that the plastic is not deformed when pouring concrete. Heating is performed by a multi-circuit with the output upward to one collector. The length of each tube does not exceed 90 m. It is laid by a snail or snake, located under a certain future room. Then it will be possible to regulate the heating in each room. To better navigate when laying pipes and other communications, place under each room is marked with a string.

The pipes of the warm floor are also placed under the reinforcement, attaching them to the heater. Then the frame is placed on top of the special stands. In this case, the heating system is better protected from damage when pouring the slab with concrete.

Under the plate, grounding is carried out from the site of its contour placement to the location of the electrical panel.

Filling the foundation

The blind section of the EPPS is additionally fixed externally with wooden boards made of edging boards, which must be securely fastened. After casting the slab with concrete grade not lower than M 350. Its thickness should be 120-180 mm, and along the perimeter reinforced ribs with a size of at least 300 x 300 mm are made. They perceive the main load from the bearing walls of the house. If structural load is provided inside the house, then in these places the foundation thickness is increased up to 300 mm (in the form of stiffeners).

Concrete poured in one step with the distribution and consolidation of the vibrator. This treatment makes the mixture more plastic, which contributes to a better filling of voids. In these works, care must be taken not to damage communications and floor heating pipes . Filling in the ribs and plate is made simultaneously, which makes it possible to obtain a monolithic construction with a perfectly flat surface.

Two weeks later, concrete collects 70% of the fortress, after which the insulated Swedish plate is ready for erecting walls on it. It is necessary to keep the surface moist during the entire period of hardening, otherwise the concrete will not harden and crack.

Conclusion

With all the rules of erection by professional performers with the use of quality materials, a heated Swedish plate is the best option for a private home. The foundation is suitable for any soil and has high functionality.