Special correctional class. Correction classes in schools

For those children who are difficult to learn in connection with existing health problems, there are special educational institutions or correctional classes are opened in a regular school. Here you can write a child with a disability or lagging behind in development. The main purpose of such institutions and classes is the social adaptation of pupils and their integration in society.

If a child goes to school ...

About that their child lags behind peers in development, caring parents understand already in the first years of his life. It becomes especially obvious by the age of six. A child lagging behind in development has a meager speech and a low level of intellectual ability. Sometimes such children do not even know how to hold a pencil in their hands. Not only for educators, but also for parents, it becomes obvious that such a child needs to attend a correctional class. This will allow him to adapt to life in social and physical terms.

Where are the specialized classes created?

The process of teaching children with an existing developmental delay can be organized in any general educational institution. For those who do not know what a correctional class is in school, it is worth explaining that it receives children from special groups of preschool institutions. And enrollment is possible only with the consent of the parents, on their written application.

Correction class, as a rule, is opened at the initial stage of the school curriculum. And it continues to function up to the incomplete secondary education. To work with children in the staff of the institution there are specially trained teachers. In addition, the school must have scientific and methodical literature, as well as the corresponding material class. All this will allow organizing the educational process, as well as providing therapeutic and preventive support to these special children.

Correction classes in schools are opened according to the order of the director. At the same time, there must necessarily be an opinion of the school's psycho-medical and pedagogical consultation for each of the children, as well as the psychological, medical and pedagogical commission of the district.

Who is accepted into the correctional class?

Special education in the general education school is given to children who experience certain difficulties in obtaining knowledge, as well as poorly adapted in the team. As a rule, such pupils have mild violations in the brain, CNS, as well as lagging behind the emotional-volitional type.

In the correctional class, opened in the general education school, do not accept children with marked developmental abnormalities. Here you can include:

- gross violations of hearing, vision, motor forms and speech;
- mental retardation;
- pronounced violations of collective communication, which have the form of early autism.

Translation into a regular class

Children who study under a special program have the opportunity to receive knowledge together with their peers. To transfer to a regular class, a child needs to have a positive development dynamics. In addition, he must successfully master a special program. This transfer is possible when making an appropriate decision by a psychological-medical-pedagogical consultation, and also with the consent of the student himself.

The regime of work and rest

For students of correctional classes, the most expedient work is considered to be the first shift. At the same time, their daily routine is set taking into account the small capacity for work and quick fatigue.

For children attending from grade 1 to grade 3, additional holidays are introduced. These children are allowed to rest in February for seven days.

Pros of specialized training

Correction classes in schools have a filling ability from seven to fourteen pupils. With a greater number of pupils, a rate should be allocated for another teacher. In this case, an additional correctional class is formed. A small number of children allow paying maximum attention to each of them.

The positive side of this class is that the work with students is not conducted by ordinary teachers, but by educators-defectologists. This specialty is taught in universities. Teachers-defectologists are called upon to work with children who have difficult medical diagnoses. These teachers can find the key even for the most difficult children.

Speech therapists are engaged with students who attend correctional classes in schools. If necessary, such training is conducted individually. Psychologists work with children attending the correctional class. If necessary, these experts advise parents.

The program for the correctional class takes into account the fact that special children are involved in it. It includes the simplest exercises and tasks. This allows the child to move along the training ladder gradually, by microscopic steps. In other words, such a special program is keeping pace with the slow development of the student.

Correctional training

One of the main problems of the special class is the unification of children with dissimilar medical diagnoses and with various psychiatric and psychological problems. There is no universal program for everyone. Often, these children are lagging behind in one subject and talent for another. So, the child may be at odds with mathematics, but at the same time draw as a real artist, write crookedly, but have the ability to foreign languages (they, unfortunately, are not included in the special program).

In the correctional class, children from families that are socially unsuccessful are often sent. Such children, deprived of parental care, initially really lag behind in development. However, with intensive studies, they quickly catch up. As a result, these healthy children become bored to study on a slowed-down school curriculum.

Classification of correctional classes

Special education is divided into eight types. To receive education, children are sent to them in accordance with medical diagnoses. There are the following types of correction classes:

- I - for hearing impaired and deaf children;
- II - for deaf-mutes;
- III and IV - for the blind and visually impaired;
- V - for stutterers and children with speech disorders;
- VI - for students with problems of mental and physical development;
- VII - for children with CWD and ADHD;
- VIII - for the mentally retarded.

Special classes I and II of the form

They are opened for the upbringing and education of hard of hearing children. These special correctional classes are designed to form the students' verbal speech on the basis of auditory perception, to compensate and correct possible deviations in mental as well as physical development. Teachers set as their goal to prepare such children for independent living. What is the difference between these correctional classes? The work program of the general education process is designed specifically for deaf children. Filling capacity of this class is up to ten people.

Special classes III and IV species

They are created for training, education, as well as correction of deviations in children with visual impairments. In these types of correctional classes, children with strabismus, with amblyopia, can be admitted.

The main task of teachers is the formation of compensatory processes among pupils. For this purpose, not only group, but also individual lessons are conducted for the further development of tactile and visual perception of the spoken speech, social orientation, physiotherapy, rhythm. In the learning process in such correctional classes, children develop communication skills.

For the development of the school curriculum, special visually impaired pupils and equipment are provided. The basis for teaching such children is the Braille system. The teacher uses non-standard didactic materials, as well as specific means of clarity. All this allows us to expand the scope of accessibility of the information being presented.

Special classes V of the form

They are created for the purpose of educating and educating children with severe speech pathologies. In parallel, there is the necessary help to eliminate existing diseases and related features in mental development. With a positive development of the child, he can be transferred to a regular class. However, for this it will be necessary to obtain an opinion of the psychological-medical-pedagogical commission.

Correction class 5 of the type provides for an initial general education for 4-5 years. Normative for general basic education is a six-year term.

The first, the initial stage of training, provides for the correction of various speech defects. These include the violation of the rate of speech, sound and phonemic hearing, as well as the deviations related to these pathologies in the child's mental development. Pupils are taught the skills of normal spoken language, correct grammatical formulation of utterances and expand the stock of their vocabulary.

At the second stage of education in children, there is a development of full-fledged written and oral communication skills, which allows them to effortlessly engage in the life of society. The maximum occupancy of class 5 is 12 people. Correction of existing violations is not only in the classroom, but also at various events.

Special classes of type VI

They teach children with disabilities of the locomotor system. In such a special class the problems of complex correction of speech, cognitive and motor sphere of pupils are solved. The goal of this training is also social and labor adaptation of children to the life of society. The maximum number of people a teacher should deal with must not exceed ten.

Special classes of the VII kind

They are designed to teach children with mental retardation. The main signs of this pathology are expressed in the weakness of attention and memory, as well as in the lack of mobility and tempo.

When visiting such classes, the children are provided with the normalization of the emotional-volitional sphere and mental development. The pupils are formed the skills and skills necessary for the learning process, and also activates cognitive activities. The occupancy of this class is 12 people. In this case, children are provided with speech therapy.

Special classes of VIII kind

They are created for the purpose of teaching children with mental retardation to eliminate deviations in development. Correction classes of 8 kinds are intended for social and psychological rehabilitation of the child. This will allow him in the future as painlessly as possible to join the life of society. The maximum occupancy of this class is 8 people.

This training comes to an end with labor certification. Such an examination includes material science and manufacturing techniques.