Special pedagogy as a science

According to statistics, the number of people with deviations or changes in development increases every year. The study of people of this category deals with special pedagogy, which is one of the directions of pedagogical science. Thanks to it, differentiation of abnormal and normal development occurs, diagnostic methods and corrective programs are developed taking into account certain principles, such as an integrated approach to the problem, a holistic study in dynamics.

The history of special pedagogy is closely connected with the development of other sciences. Initially, it was not separated into a separate science. In the Soviet Union, she received a push in the development of pedology, which was later outlawed (perhaps some heard about the notorious law of the time "On pedological distortions in the system of the People's Commissariat of Education," because of which until the 60s of the last century, psychology As science remained in the shadows). For a long time, special pedagogy was synonymous with defectology. Now the categorial apparatus of science is the closest to the terms used in psychology. Moreover, since in international practice great importance is attached to humanity and tactfulness, it is necessary to correctly use terms, except for "labels". At this stage of its existence, special pedagogy as a science has acquired its definitions, gradually replacing them with too categorical concepts borrowed from medical terminology. Violations of ethical norms are also considered definitions, the meaning of which is correction of a person and his qualities, because each is inherently individual, and the development of one is not like the development of the other, just as there is no right and wrong development. According to this science, an individual is offered only assistance of any kind (psychological, medical and so on), and not a correction.

Special pre-school pedagogy is one of the sections of this science. It's no secret that it is in childhood that all kinds of shortcomings are revealed. Due to timely detection and support of preschool children with abnormal development, their adaptation in society is much easier, they are given concrete assistance, methods of compensatory treatment are determined.

In our country there are several types and types of educational institutions. These are special educational institutions, classes, groups for the hard of hearing, the visually impaired, for the mentally retarded, for persons with a delay in mental development, for those who have disorders of the musculoskeletal system. The definition of a child in such an institution occurs only by the decision of the PMPC.

Some parents refuse the proposed institutions, which is completely in vain. In them, the child is provided with comprehensive care, taking into account his age and personality characteristics. As a rule, these classes or groups are staffed with a small number of students and pupils. This allows you to take into account the characteristics of each and provide qualified assistance and support.

Special pedagogy is not limited to working with children. After a while they grow up, and the problems remain, even if not as global as they were. The skills acquired through training with various specialists help them to socialize and find their niche in society.