School in America: internal rules, subjects, terms of training. Secondary Education in the USA

Most of the inhabitants of our country know about the educational system in America only from films and books. It's no secret now that many innovations in our educational system are being sought from the USA. In this article, let's try to understand what the school in America is, what are its features and differences from our educational institutions.

Differences between American education and Russian

Until recently, under Soviet rule, education in the Soviet Union was considered one of the best. Now increasingly compare our education system and the American one. Between them there is a significant difference, to say which one is better, and which is worse, it is impossible. Each has its pros and cons.

The American education system is more democratic. If we have almost all schools involved in one curriculum, then in the United States there is no single plan. Students attend only a few compulsory disciplines, and choose the other subjects at their own discretion, taking into account personal preferences and the choice of the future profession. We can say that the school in America adheres to an individual approach to teaching much more than the Russian one.

Another difference between American educational institutions is that in them concepts such as "class" or "classmates" have a completely different meaning. Because all children who study in the same class can be called a collective with great difficulty. The American school assumes all the same creation of collectives, but more often it occurs on special employment which, besides, children choose.

Compared with our schools, in the US institutions sports are the most popular, there is almost no institution for children, where there is not a well-equipped gymnasium, pool and stadium.

The school in America is not a single building, as in our country. More like a student town with several buildings. On its territory it is necessary to additionally be equipped with:

• Assembly halls for various events.
• Gym.
• A big library.
• Canteen.
• The park zone.
• Residences.

It has already been mentioned a little that in every state in America their educational programs can be approved. But the compulsory secondary education remains the same for all. True, it can begin either with 6 years, or with seven. The time may also differ: in some schools they can start at 7:30, and others prefer to put children at the desks at 8:00.

The academic year, unlike ours, is divided into two semesters, and not a quarter. The assessment does not involve a five-point system, but a 100-point test is often used.

The education system in American schools

American education is quite diverse, so anyone can choose for themselves an individual way in mastering knowledge. Each country and every nation has its own values, traditions, which are passed on from generation to generation. There are also their own settings, which from childhood are laid in children's heads. For example, a Jewish kid is inspired from his birth by his parents, that he is the most intelligent and can do any kind of accomplishment. Maybe that's why there are so many outstanding scientists and new discoveries in this country.

In American families, a child from childhood learns one truth: in life there is always room for a choice that he can make. Not everyone can become famous physicists or chemists, but you can always find many other fascinating activities for yourself. In the US, the place in society and well-being depend not on the type of activity or your profession, but on the success in this area. Being a simple car mechanic is not at all disgraceful if you do your job at the highest level and a line of customers is building up for you.

The American education system is also tuned to this. Already within the walls of the school, a child can choose for himself those activities that he likes more. The only thing left is the requirement to consistently graduate several types of schools, which will be discussed further.

There are no rigid groups or classes in schools, students are called students and have the right to choose courses that correspond to their inclinations and aspirations in life that they have. If there is a common schedule for each class in our schools, then each student can have his own schedule.

Each course is evaluated by a certain number of points, which there is called a loan. There is even a minimum loan, which must be dialed to go to the next school or go to another educational institution. There are special classes in which there is preparation for entering the college, but in order to have the right to visit them, it is necessary to have a "personal loan". The majority of children consciously choose for themselves the classes that they visit, and hence their way to the future.

The school in America practices scholarships for children, which depend on the size of the "personal loan". It also happens when a student has such a high credit that it is enough to get two higher education for free.

We can say that the students have two ways: to achieve everything with their labor and abilities or to use the money of their parents for further education.

Another interesting feature is the American school - the child is still being trained within the walls of the school, and information about his achievements is passed to all higher educational institutions. There are no entrance exams to institutes and universities, each student writes test works on subjects within a year, and the results at the end of the year are sent not only to the school part of the school, but also to colleges and universities. After graduation, each student has only to consider the invitations from various educational institutions for training or most to send requests to them, waiting for an answer. So it turns out that to achieve high results and enter a prestigious university you can not only for money, but also putting maximum of their labor.

It does not matter how many schools there are in America, but in each of them the only decisive factor for entering a prestigious university is their own great desire and aspiration. Of course, not all are given good mental faculties, but if they want to study at the university, the state with a great desire can give a loan for study, which is paid after graduation.

Types of schools in America

In the US, there are many educational institutions, but all of them can be divided into the following types:

1. Public Schools.
2. School-boarding school.
3. Private educational institutions.
4. Home schools.

Public schools are divided according to the age criterion: there is an elementary school, middle and senior. It is necessary to clarify how children in such schools study in America. First and foremost, a distinctive feature is their strict distinction into individual institutions. They are not only located in separate buildings, but also territorially can be located far apart.

Boarding schools are located in large fenced areas with well-equipped buildings for classes, residences, sports halls and everything necessary for high-quality education. Such schools are often called "schools of life" and completely justified.

Secondary Education in the USA

To obtain a certificate of education you must complete three levels of the school:

• Primary school.
• Medium.
• The eldest.

All of them have their own requirements and features. Programs and a list of subjects can also vary widely.

Elementary education

Getting an education in America begins with an elementary school. It is necessary to clarify that in order to get to school, problems do not arise. Some parents bring their parents, those who already have 16 can come by themselves, and the rest are taken by school buses. If the child has poor health or is disabled, the bus can drive directly to his house. They also bring their children home after school. All school buses have a yellow color, so it's impossible to confuse them with another city transport.

Most often the building of an elementary school is located in parks and squares, it has one floor and inside it is quite cozy. A class is occupied by one teacher and conducts all subjects according to the curriculum. For toddlers, as a rule, traditional classes: reading, writing, native language and literature, fine arts, music, mathematics, geography, natural sciences, hygiene, labor and necessarily physical culture.

Classes for classes are completed taking into account the abilities of children. Before this baby is tested. But all the tests are aimed not at revealing the level of preparedness for the school, but for revealing the natural instincts of the child and his intelligence coefficient.

After testing, students are divided into three classes: "A" - gifted children, "B" - normal, "C" - incapable. With gifted children from primary school work more intensively and orient them to receive further higher education. The whole process of teaching in an elementary school takes five years.

Secondary School in America

After the termination of an elementary school the child with the certain "personal credit" passes in an average link. The question arises: does the secondary school in America have as many classes? As it was possible to find out, the training takes three years, accordingly, the students go to 6, 7 and 8 classes.

The secondary school, as well as the primary school, in each district can have its own curriculum. The school week lasts 5 days, and the vacation twice a year - winter and summer.

The secondary school is usually located in a more spacious building, since it trains a lot more students. Training also goes through the credit system. In addition to compulsory subjects, which include mathematics, English, literature, each child can choose, depending on his preferences, additional lessons. At the end of the year, exams must be followed to go to the next grade, you need to recruit a certain number of credits. In secondary school, the vocational guidance is introduced, which helps children to decide their choice in life.

High school

What types of schools in America exist, we have dismantled, it remains to find out what the senior school is. It includes 4 years of training, from 9 to 12 class. As a rule, such schools have their own specialization, so from the 9th grade begins careful preparation for admission to higher education. This type of school is quite important, as during the training you can not only accumulate enough knowledge for admission, but also to recruit loans that will save you money on your studies.

In high school, the program must necessarily study English, mathematics, subjects of social sphere and natural disciplines. Given that the senior school must adhere to profile training, then in different institutions there can be different directions.

There are the following directions in schools:

• Industrial.
• Agricultural.
• Commercial.
• General.
• Academic.

For example, if a student is enrolled in an academic profile, he has the right to enter a higher education institution. But this applies only to well-performing guys. If the results are not very good, then the student chooses a suitable practical course for himself.

Any professional profile gives students practical skills. Depending on the chosen direction, a timetable is drawn up.

Rules in American schools

School rules exist in any school, of course, in American they are very different from ours. Here are some of them:

1. It is forbidden to walk along the corridors during the lessons.
2. When entering the toilet the student is given a pass card, which is marked by the teacher on duty in the toilet.
3. If the child misses school, then on the same day the secretary calls and finds out the reason for the absence.
4. You can skip only 18 lessons if the subject is read all year long, if the course takes six months, then only 9 passes are allowed.
5. Until all the lessons are over, you can not leave the school, everywhere camcorders are placed.
6. The order in the school is monitored by guards, they walk in civilian uniform, but have weapons.
7. In American schools it is forbidden to eat in corridors and classes, you can do this only in the dining room or cafe.
8. You can not carry drinks and food.
9. Drugs and alcohol are prohibited, as well as carrying weapons, although such a warning for our schools looks quite ridiculous. In our country, this is self-evident.
10. It is impermissible to manifest sexual unequal treatment in any form. Even a hand on the shoulder of a friend can be regarded as sexual harassment.
11. It is forbidden to play cards in class.
12. School rules even contain an item such as a ban on cheating.
13. Do not spoil school property.

Some rules concern the school uniform, for us some of them seem quite absurd:

• You can not wear clothes that advertise alcohol or drugs.
• Transparent clothing is also prohibited.
• Do not look underwear from under the form.
• Straps on T-shirts should not be too thin.
• You can not go barefoot at school.
• The shirt must be with a collar.
• It is forbidden to wear shoes with heels.
• Do not wear sandals, sneakers and sandals.

You can buy a school uniform in a specialized store, where each student gets a card and a discount for the purchase is provided.

The American educator also adheres to a strict style in clothes, of course, it is not necessary to go in costumes, but men do not wear jeans for classes, and female pedagogical staff wears skirts more often than trousers.

All rules for students are printed and at the beginning of the school year are pasted into school diaries.

Private schools in America

All private schools in the United States are paid. Not all families can afford to teach their children in such an institution, because the cost of a private school for all the years of training will cost on average, if translated into Russian money, from 1.5 to 2 million rubles. But it is necessary to clarify that this amount includes not only tuition, but also accommodation in a boarding house on full provision.

Many private schools are ready to provide their students with material assistance, this applies to both well-performing children and low-income families.

Since in public schools immorality often walks, cases of rape, pregnancy of young girls are frequent, parents prefer to pay for the safety of their children in order to be calm for the health and life of their children.

Private schools have some advantages over public ones:

• About 15 people study in classes, which gives every student the opportunity to pay maximum attention.
• Living in a hostel provides constant communication with their peers not only in class, but also in the home.
• In private schools, education has a longer period, so the chances of admission to higher education increase.

Private schools, for a number of reasons, are more prestigious, but among state educational institutions one can also find ones where one can get a good education.

Home Education in America

Last time, homemade schools are becoming fashionable in America. Once such training appeared naturally in families in which parents had a good education to teach their children at home, as well as a decent income to acquire all the necessary textbooks and manuals.

Now in many cities of America there are training centers for children from home schools. To each center are attached teachers in various subjects. They conduct lessons for both children and their parents. Usually these are introductory classes where children receive a training program and some necessary materials.

After this, an individual schedule for visiting teachers is drawn up, in the classroom the student writes tests and receives a new assignment. Practice webinars and online lessons.

Children who study at home schools also have their own holidays and sports, on which they meet with people like them. That is, there is a team, only its members meet with each other much less often.

It is believed that home schooling requires much less effort, so children are less tired and less vulnerable to peer pressure. Children from such schools are usually friendly, friendly, have good manners.

Schools for Russians in America

There is also a school in America for Russians. As a rule, it is chosen by those parents who do not want their children to forget their native language. In such schools, teaching is conducted in English, but there are subjects such as Russian language and literature.

More often than not, Russian schools open with Orthodox parishes, then it turns out that they are not everyday, but Sunday. But in some American schools there are groups of extended-day, where children are taught Russian. It is also a good opportunity not to forget your native language.

In various centers open circles and sections, which are conducted by Russian teachers and in Russian. For example, figure skating, dancing and drawing, gymnastics and others.

For very young there are kindergartens, only private ones, where they communicate with the kids in Russian. There can be only 8 people in a group, because a teacher who has received a license for such activities can simultaneously bring up such a number of children. Children are accepted from two years.

Thus, living in America, you can not forget the Russian language and simultaneously communicate freely in English.

Summing up all that has been said, we can conclude: no matter what schools in America exist, you can choose at your own discretion. Most often this issue is decided by parents, if the child is still small, and at an older age, already with the children, the choice of an educational institution is made. Get a prestigious education for free, too, can be, if you have a great desire and make every effort.