Return of goods to the supplier: bookkeeping entries. How do I return the goods to the supplier?

When accepting values, the buyer should carefully inspect them for the presence of marriage, damage to the packaging and other inconsistencies. If there are any deviations, then return the goods to the supplier. Postings in each case will be different. More details about the features of this operation read further.

Legislation

According to Art. 421 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the supplier can return to the buyer not only spoiled, but also good quality goods. The reason may be the lack of demand. This operation is an inverse implementation. Return of goods in arrears is carried out within the scope of the supply contract. The grounds can be:

• Lack of documents.
• Receipt of a smaller quantity or other assortment of goods (Article 466, Article 468).
• Poor quality of values (Article 475).
• The absence of packaging (Article 482).

At the time of transfer of goods, the buyer obtains ownership of them. He can give up values for the above reasons. If there are discrepancies, the buyer must draw up an "Act of return of the goods to the supplier", indicate the claim in it and send it to the seller.

Decor

In BU the order of reflection of return by the buyer depends on the moment of detection of marriage. If inconsistencies have been identified before accounting is taken into account, an act is drawn up and the goods are returned to the supplier. The ownership remains with the seller. The buyer will settle the goods on the off-balance account 002 "Inventories in safe custody", and upon return - write off them from the loan. The posting of DT51 KT76 reflects the receipt of money from the supplier for the claim. Thus, in the BU it is necessary to display only three operations:

• Register a waybill for the receipt of valuables.
• To issue a goods write-off.
• To reflect an extract from the bank for the receipt of money.

If a marriage is discovered after posting, the supplier is issued an act of non-compliance. All subsequent transactions are displayed on sub-account 76.6 "Claims settlements".

How can I return the goods to the supplier after receiving the advance payment?

Consider this situation with an example.

Ltd. bought a batch of nails for 25,000 rubles. Prior to acceptance, a 50% down payment was transferred. After the entry, marriage was revealed: all nails had no hats. We will return the goods to the supplier. Postings:

• DT60 "Advances" KT51 - 12,500 - advance payment is listed.
• DT68 КТ76 - 1906.78 - is reflected in VAT.
• ДТ41 КТ60 - 25 000 - the goods are accepted for accounting.
• ДТ19 КТ60 - 3813,56 - VAT is included.
• ДТ60 КТ60 "Advances" - an advance payment has been credited.
• ДТ68 КТ19 - 3813,56 - the invoice is registered.
• DT76 KT68 - 1,906.78 - VAT was restored.
• ДТ76 КТ41 - 25 000 - return the goods to the supplier.
• DT76 KT68 - 3813.56 rubles. - VAT is included.
• DT51 KT76 - 12,5 thousand rubles. - money for the goods was returned.

At the supplier, the reflection of this operation is complicated by the charging of VAT on the prepayment and the subsequent reflection of the deduction.

• DT51 KT62 - 12,500 - money received from the buyer.
• ДТ76 КТ68 - 1906,78 - the invoice is issued.
• DT62 KT90.1 - 25,000 - revenue recorded.
• ДТ90.3 КТ68 - 3813,56 - VAT is added.
• ДТ90.2 КТ41 - 20 000 - the cost price is taken into account.
• DT62 KT62 - 12,500 - an advance payment has been credited.
• DT68 КТ76 - 1906.78 - deduction of VAT.
• DT62 KT90.1 - 25,000 - reversal of the implementation.
• ДТ90.2 КТ41 - 20 000 - adjustment of write-off of goods.
• ДТ90 КТ19 - 3813,56 - reversed charged VAT.
• DT62 KT62 - 12,500 - adjustment of the advance received.
• ДТ68 КТ19 - 1906,78 - registration of invoice for return.
• DT62 KT51 - 12,500 - refund of money to the buyer.

And if the tax periods are different?

According to clause 6 of PBU 9 "Income of the organization", revenue in the BU is accepted in the amount equal to the amount of funds received. When the return of the goods to the supplier is formalized, it is considered that the ownership right has not passed to the buyer. According to paragraph 80 of the PBU, the decrease in revenue after the discovery of the previous year's marriage is reflected as a loss of the reporting period. No adjustments are made to the balance sheet. Consider, on the conditions of the previous example, how the return of the goods to the supplier takes shape in different tax periods. Postings:

• ДТ91.2 КТ62 - 25 000 - the return from the seller is taken into account, as the expenses of the reporting year.
• ДТ41 КТ91.1 - 20 000 - the written off cost price is restored.
• ДТ68 КТ91.1 - 3813,5 - it is accepted to the deduction of the VAT.

Return of goods by an individual

The order of settlements under contracts of retail purchase and sale is regulated gl. 30 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Textiles, perfumes, jewelry, etc. are not subject to return. In other cases, the seller can not refuse to accept the sold values. Let us consider in more detail how the return of goods is formalized.

Ltd. sold the dress at a price of 2.5 thousand rubles. The next day the buyer returned the goods, as it was a marriage, and received the money back. We will return the goods to the supplier. Postings:

• DT76 KT90.1 -2.5 thousand rubles. - Reversal of sales proceeds.
• ДТ90.2 КТ41 - 2 thousand rubles. - the purchase price of the goods is reflected.
• ДТ90.3 КТ68 - 381.36 rubles. - VAT is included.
• DT76 KT50 - 2500 rubles. - returned to the buyer money.
• DT41 KT76 - 2000 rubles. - the goods are written.
• ДТ90.2 КТ42 - 0,5 thousand rubles. - Trade surcharge restored.

Document management

The specifics of the paperwork must be fixed by the supply contract. It should be noted that the buyer must draw up a claim (letter) for the return of the goods to the supplier and send it by e-mail. This will save time on paperwork. The act is made in free form, signed by representatives of both parties and is the basis for the formation of the claim. In turn, the seller must take the goods on the register, set the correction invoice and send it to the buyer. The account is altered if the price or quantity of values changes. This is how the return of goods to the supplier takes place.

In retail, the procedure looks different. The seller must pick up the check, sign it at the warehouse manager, draw up an act in the form of KM-3, write out an invoice and return the money. Documents are submitted to the accounts department. The amounts paid are reflected in the cashier's journal. It reduces revenue. If the refund is made later than on the day of purchase, the procedure looks different:

• The buyer draws up a statement to which the check is attached;
• The invoice for return of goods to the supplier is signed in 2 copies: one is attached to the report, the second is given to the client;
• The seller issues money and makes up a cash settlement;
• Changes are made to the BU.

VAT accounting

If the buyer refuses part of the batch, the seller issues an invoice to reduce the value or quantity of valuables. It is registered in the purchase book. If the buyer refuses the whole lot, the seller registers his invoice. The recipient of the VAT does not declare the goods, but draws up an act and accepts the goods for safekeeping.

Examples

Consider how the return of goods to the supplier is formalized (accounting entries under different conditions, of course, will differ).

The seller shipped valuables worth 11.8 thousand rubles. (VAT - 1800 rubles). The cost price is 8 thousand rubles. The buyer paid the bill for the full amount, and then discovered the marriage and returned the whole lot to the seller.

Return of goods to the supplier occurred after payment. Therefore, in the posting was entered account 76 "Settlements with debtors, creditors." After the reversal, the buyer has a payable. This amount is reflected in account 76. After the funds are returned, the final balance is reset. That is, the same account is used for settlements with debtors and creditors. Here's how to return the goods to the supplier after the payment of the lot.

The seller forms the following transactions:

Such postings are formed if goods of inadequate quality, other assortment or with incorrectly issued documents are returned.

Reverse implementation

A coupon-sale agreement provides for the condition under which the buyer can return the goods, if he does not sell it. Such an operation is executed not by reversal, but by reverse sale. It occurs with the consent of both parties. The property right is returned to the supplier. The former recipient invoices and registers it in the sales book.

This scheme is unprofitable for the supplier, since the consignment is eliminated at a lower price, and returns at a higher price (it was written off at a cost of 8,000 rubles, and 10,000 rubles were credited).

Differences

Let us briefly review the essence of the two operations on the return of values. The seller shipped the goods, but after a certain time, he received back the whole lot or only a part of it. If the reason is the discrepancy of values with the terms of the contract for quality, color, configuration, size, etc., then this operation is a return. In the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, it is interpreted as a supplier's failure to fulfill its obligations. If the buyer has no claims to the values and returns the goods because he could not sell it, then this operation is called reverse implementation. Both sides reflect it in BU and OU as an ordinary purchase and sale. The buyer issues the invoice to the former supplier, reflects it in the sales book, in the revenue section. In the BU, the value of the returned values is accounted for on account 90. There are no differences in BU and OU. It is this that puzzles accountants. Although in reality there are no difficulties in processing the operation.