Account 10 in accounting. Fixed assets

Data on the availability and transfer (distribution) of raw materials, spare parts, fuel, household equipment, containers, inventory and similar objects summarizes account 10 in accounting referred to the composition of fixed assets . According to the article in question, among other things, information on items being processed and on the way is recorded. Let's consider further the account 10 in book keeping: wiring, specificity of data reflection.

General information

The plan of accounting accounts establishes certain rules, according to which information on certain articles is reflected. They are determined depending on the specifics of the enterprise. Account 10 "Materials" fixes raw materials in the following ways:

1. At the actual cost price of the acquisition (procurement).
2. At the discount price.

A somewhat different scheme applies to enterprises that produce agricultural products. Own production goods are fixed at the planned cost price. After the formation of the final accounting calculation, it is corrected to the actual cost estimate. When reflecting by the average purchase price, the purchase price (procurement), etc., the difference between the cost of objects and the actual cost price is shown in Ref. 16.

Account 10 in accounting: sub-accounts

Additionally, articles can be opened:

• On materials and raw materials - 10.1;
• On designs and details, purchased semi-finished products and components - 10.2;
• For fuel - 10.3;
• On container and container materials - 10.4;
• On spare parts - 10.5;
• For other materials - 10.6;
• On objects transferred to processing to outside enterprises - 10.7;
• On building materials - 10.8;
• On household equipment and inventory - 10.9, etc.

Raw materials

Account 10.01 in accounting reflects information on the availability and transfer of values included in the structure of manufactured products, forming their basis or acting as necessary components in production. It also reflects information on auxiliary facilities that are involved in the production of products or are used for economic, technical purposes, to facilitate the production process. According to this article, agricultural goods are harvested for processing.

Semi-finished products, components, parts and structures

By sub. 10.2 pass the acquired, ready-made objects purchased for the acquisition of the products (construction). Such values require investments in their processing or assembly. Products that are purchased for the assembly, the cost of which is not included in the cost of production, are fixed to the sum. 41. Enterprises that are engaged in research, technological, design work, buying from third-party companies accessories, tools, special equipment and other devices as components, fix them on sub. 10.2.

Fuel

By sub. 10.3 pass petroleum products (gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, oil, etc.), lubricants. They are designed to operate the vehicle, generate heating and energy, as well as gaseous and solid (firewood, coal, peat, etc.) fuel, technological needs. In the case of use of oil products coupons at the enterprise, they are also fixed on sub-accounts. 10.3.

Fat objects

On sub. 10.4 take into account all types of containers, except those used as household equipment. According to this article, details and raw materials are provided for the production of packaging and its repair. These include, in particular, barrel riveting, parts for assembling, hoop iron, etc. Items that are intended to additionally equip barges, wagons, ships and other vehicles to ensure the safety of the transported products are accounted for by sub. 10.1. Trade enterprises record the presence and movement of tare (under the goods and empty) at the counter. 41.

Spare parts

They are shown by sub. 10.5 (account of accounting). Under this article, parts purchased or produced for the purpose of the enterprise's operation are intended to replace worn out parts of machinery, vehicles, equipment, and repair work. Here, too, information about automobile tires in turnover and stock is reflected. The article shows the movement of the exchange fleet of equipment, complete machines, units, assemblies, engines, which is created in repair units, factories, technical points. Car tires (rim tape, camera, tire), which are in stock and on wheels on the TS, made in its original cost, are transferred to the OS.

Other items

On sub. 10.6 reflect the presence and movement:

• Industrial waste. They include, in particular, chips, cuttings, stumps and so on.
• Incorrigible marriage.
• Scrap tires and worn tires.
• Material values that were obtained from the OS, not intended for use as materials or spare parts. They include, for example, waste, scrap metal.

The industrial waste and secondary raw materials, which are used as solid fuel, are fixed to the subclav. 10.3.

Objects Sent to the Side

By sub. 10.7 pass the materials given for processing, the cost of which will be included in the future in the costs of manufacturing products derived from them. The costs for related operations paid to third parties and individuals include directly in the debit of accounts, which take into account the received objects after processing.

Other articles

Subc. 10.8 is used by developers. It is used for materials that are used directly in the process of construction and installation activities, as well as in the manufacture of parts, the erection and finishing of structures, parts of structures and buildings. On sub. 10.8 also consider other items that are necessary for construction needs (for example, explosives). By sub. 10.9 pass inventory, household supplies, tools and other items that are included in working capital.

Additionally

The above articles are by no means all that can disclose account 10 in accounting. Sub-accounts are formed in accordance with the sectoral focus of the company. In particular, this is relevant for enterprises engaged in the production of agricultural products. Additional subaccounts of Article 10 can be created to reflect movement and availability:

• Mineral fertilizers.
• Feeds (their production and purchased) and planting material.
• Medicines, chemicals, biologics used in the fight against diseases of farm animals.
• The seeds.
• Pesticides used in the control of diseases and pests of agricultural plantations, etc.

Receipt

The plan of accounting accounts allows for the reflection of the receipt of raw materials according to SC. 15, fixing the acquisition and preparation of mate. Values or according to sc. 16, showing a deviation in their value, as well as without their inclusion in the record. The choice will depend on the financial policy approved by the enterprise. When using the inv. 15 and sc. 16 in accordance with the settlement documentation received by the organization, the following entry is made: DB 15 Kd 60 (20, 23, 71, 76, etc.).

Explained

The credit of accounts will correspond to sources of receipt of materials, character of expenses. Recording on DB 15 and KD 60 is done regardless of the time of receipt of objects by the enterprise - before or after acceptance of settlement documentation. Dispensing is performed at an acc. 10. The chart of accounts of accounting includes in the entry Cd. 60. At the same time, valuables do not come to the warehouse. The actual consumption of these in production or for other economic purposes is reflected according to Cd. 10 in correspondence with the accounts for accounting of production / sale costs. Other relevant articles may be used. In order to close account 10 in accounting, write-off, sale, free transfer and other disposal of objects are reflected at the corresponding cost on DB of accounts. 91. Analytics are conducted on the places of storage of values and individual names (sizes, grades, species, etc.).

Accounting: account 10 "Materials" (structure)

To understand the nature of the article, it is necessary to highlight a number of key points. First of all, the category itself, which is reflected by account 10, - "materials", is subject to review. They are any objects, after which finished products are created after processing. The accounting plan refers to them the values reflected in the primary documentation as the property of the enterprise. Objects that are present in the organization, but which it does not own legally, are reflected in the invoice. 002 or 003. The decisive importance in determining the values that are included in the account 10 in accounting, is not the fact of their presence in warehouses, but the existence of ownership of them.

Note

What has been said above means that objects that can be absolutely identical, lying in one bale, are reflected in different ways. Objects that have been transferred to the right of ownership, but they are not present in warehouses, are transferred to account 10. In accounting, this category primarily includes objects in transit. The supplier handed over, for example, to the railway station of value and ordered them to be transported to the address of the buyer. As soon as the cargo was accepted on the railway, it passed into the ownership of the acquirer (unless otherwise provided by the contract). Theoretically from this moment, the entries in the accounting of the buyer should be made. But the records are made only upon receipt of the relevant documentation, in which the shipment deadlines are confirmed.

Redirecting values

Objects can act as a property of an enterprise, but its warehouses will never act. For example, this is the case when, on behalf of the organization, a consignment of raw materials is purchased from Moscow in Vladivostok and, at its disposal, it is resold to Novosibirsk. Since the acquisition and before shipment, the values are in Vladivostok. In Moscow, no one saw them. However, they were owned by the enterprise. In this regard, until the acquisition of valuables by a company from Novosibirsk must be posted in the accounting records of the Moscow organization.

Recycling

Objects for which the enterprise has ownership rights, but they are transferred to a third-party company, reflects account 10. In accounting, the entries in this case do not involve crediting the article. This circumstance follows from the principles of reporting. In particular, it means the fact that only those values that are owned by the enterprise can be reflected on the balance sheet. This principle, however, contradicts the position of the priority of content over forms. It is adopted both in foreign practice and in domestic PBU 1/98. This principle prescribes that the specialist should not be based on legal categories, but focus on the actual state of affairs. For example, in a warehouse there is a paper of the customer together with own paper of the enterprise. Regarding the material responsibility of employees and the technology of further use of values, there will be no difference. Both papers should be recorded by one article. But under the Plan, the same values under the same liability will be accounted for in different accounts.

Posting

All received values, the ownership of which has passed to the company, should be reflected in DB dd. 10. But in this case a number of questions arise. The first of them: what to do if the ownership right to the enterprise passed, and the accounting department does not know about it and can not find out? There is a rule, according to which records without documentation are not made. But if guided by IFRS standards, as soon as the supplier shipped the goods, the specialist should be sent a fax or notification in electronic form about the operation. In this case a record is made:

• Db 10.
• Дб 19 (VAT on purchased valuables).
• Cd 60.

In this case, the company's reporting will show the real situation in the enterprise. In the asset in this case, all goods that are owned by the company will be reflected. In the passive, the actual accounts payable will be shown. But in this case, the inventory of objects is complicated. It can be conducted according to documentation of doubtful validity (faxes and similar papers). In the case under consideration, it is more correct to recognize a legal rather than an economic interpretation.

Absence of prices in documents

After receipt of settlement papers from the supplier, if there is a discrepancy in the value at which the objects are accepted, the amounts indicated in them are corrected. Traditionally, for the amount indicated in the settlement documentation, a reversal is effected for unrefined deliveries. The account 10 in accounting is debited together with сч. 19. Credited with invoices. 60. But these records can not be shown in all existing computer programs in all cases. In this regard, the account 10 in the accounting is debited in conjunction with the counter. 19 in correspondence with сч. 60 for the difference between the value given in the settlement documentation and the price at which the objects were accepted, if it is lower.

What if the purchase price is burdened with transportation costs?

In the event that accounting prices are not applied at the enterprise, the materials come according to the actual purchase price. In some companies, specialists include in the purchase price transport and other costs that are included in the cost price. However, experts believe that this work does not make sense. Since there are several names of objects in one accompanying paper, it may be difficult to distribute the total costs between certain types of values. There are many ways out of this situation. Distribution can be carried out in proportion:

• The cost.
• Transportation distances.
• Production significance (by conditional, special and pre-established coefficients).
• Weight and so on.

However, with great complexity, such allocations always differ in a conditional nature, distort the purchase value, and, importantly, the variability of object estimates increases. In this regard, the most appropriate is the concentration of all costs related to the acquisition of values on the corresponding sub-account 10.10, which fixes the transportation and procurement costs. At the end of the period, costs are allocated between the total balance of values and the total value of the objects sent to production.

Formation of the nomenclature

It should be noted three features of this process:

1. A group of values of a homogeneous purpose is a name. For each unit of these objects an unambiguous accounting value is established.
2. The name is a homogeneous raw material with the same cost of receipt. In the accounting nomenclature, a number of positions are formed, which corresponds to the number of varieties of prices for accepted values.
3. A group of objects of a homogeneous designation is considered to be a name, the capitalization of which is carried out at the actual cost of receipt.

The latter option appears as a compromise between the first two. However, in this situation, there arises the problem of choosing specific prices for the evaluation of retiring materials.

An Important Moment

In clause 6 of the Order of the Ministry of Finance No. 44, a special procedure is established for the formation of the actual value of valuables, which are acquired under contracts the terms of which provide for the repayment of obligations in ruble amounts equivalent to foreign currency prices. The costs of the enterprise for the purchase of objects are determined by taking into account the sum differences that arise before the inclusion of inventories in accounting. Here we should mention an important point. Inclusion in the account of accounts payable and valuables is carried out at the same time. Perhaps, in this case we mean the reflection of objects directly under the article in question, and not according to the sc. 15. But this approach presupposes a special procedure for accounting for the differences in the amounts of unreflected deliveries. In all other cases, derogations must be recorded at cc. 91 and do not form an assessment of the material costs of the enterprise.