Reconstruction of buildings and structures. Project and estimate of reconstruction

Reconstruction of buildings and structures represent a whole complex of installation and construction works, the purpose of which is to change the architectural solutions of the facilities and create various capital superstructures, outbuildings and mansards. In addition, this includes changes in the system of equipment of buildings and load-bearing structures, as well as improvement of adjacent territories.

Reconstruction

It should be carried out in a complex manner, and it begins usually with the repair of the foundation, its additional creation or strengthening of the base under it. Reconstruction works include waterproofing the base of the building and its basements, repairing the facade and walls, replacing the floors and roofing system. Recently, some firms and organizations have begun to include in the list of services the interior decoration of premises, equipment, as well as the addition of a residential attic.

There are several types of reconstruction of buildings and structures:

• Alteration of an industrial facility for apartments or offices;
• Increase in the area of premises;
• Expansion of production areas due to the construction of additional floors in buildings with high ceilings, etc.

In general, the reconstruction of facilities implies the creation of additional space for the placement of industrial shops and warehouses, various units and equipment, workplaces and residential apartments. Complex change of buildings includes the laying of a number of engineering systems, such as heating, power supply, sewerage, ventilation, security and fire safety systems. And all this must comply with the accepted norms of construction.

Types of reconstruction

For industrial enterprises, there are two types of restructuring: the actual transformation and technical re-equipment. The latter involves the replacement of equipment, when the cost of construction and installation work is not more than 10% of the total cost. When the actual transformation of the structure takes place, then not only the equipment is changed, but the building itself. At the same time, various superstructures, outbuildings, erection of new buildings, etc. can be made.

At many objects the share of the equipment in the general balance is insignificant, therefore at them there is a division by a little bit other principle, and is concrete - on partial or full reconstruction. The first involves the replacement of only individual elements of the structure with the continuation of its operation, and the second - the radical reconstruction of the building, where it is possible to replace structures, equipment, individual units, change its size, etc.

Reconstruction plan

It should include information concerning all types of construction and installation works, calculations and design of changes that will be made in the communication and engineering systems of the structure, as well as a package of documents on the suitability of the building for operation. Only specialists with experience in this matter should deal with the reconstruction plan.

Harmonization

Before you start the rebuilding of the object, you need to prepare the relevant documentation. Then it is necessary to coordinate it in different state instances. It should be noted immediately that this can be very difficult. This is especially true for objects of cultural and historical significance, as well as monuments of architecture. In addition, there are difficulties in reconciling to recreate or preserve their original appearance. Construction and installation works can be started only if the permission for their holding has already been received.

Main stages

Reconstruction of buildings and structures basically consists of the same stages as the investment cycles of new buildings:

• Pre-project stage. It includes all actions taken during the new construction. But most often this stage occurs in a somewhat simplified form.
• Inspection of reconstructed grounds and objects. It should be noted that it is impossible to skip this stage. In the course of it, not only the hydrogeological regime, ground conditions and relief are assessed, but also the state in which underground and above-ground structures are currently located, as well as the possibility of additional loading on them and their further exploitation. Examination of all elements of the building must be carefully and thoroughly described any damage found. In this case, every curvature, crack or spot of dampness should be photographed, measured and documented in the document. If necessary, make laboratory tests if individual elements were opened. At the end of the survey, a special report is made, which includes photographs, calculations and other documents.
• The reconstruction project is in many respects similar to what is being done for newly built buildings, but includes fewer documents. It contains all the main parts: architectural and construction, technological, estimates, a general explanatory note and a construction plan. The reconstruction project is considered and approved practically according to the same scheme as the new building.
• Implementation of the plan. In order to carry out the reconstruction project, it is necessary to make construction and installation works. If they are carried out in the territory of the operating enterprise, then its activities or should not be reduced at all, or only to a minimum. At the same time, his management carefully coordinates the sequence and conduct of all construction and installation works, as well as the conditions for their combination with work in production workshops with the general contractor and the designer.

The most effective are the reconstruction of buildings and structures, conducted by the nodal method. At the same time, the enterprise is conditionally divided into parts where it is possible to conduct adjustment and installation of technological equipment without hindrance, and also to perform construction work. After the node is completed, it is handed over to the service department.

Capital construction and reconstruction

These works have much in common. Reconstruction and capital construction as two sets of works seem to be rather complicated processes that require the maximum amount of coherence and responsibility from the construction and assembly companies that conduct them. This concerns both the preparation of relevant documentation and the involvement of highly qualified specialists.

Reconstruction and capital construction means simultaneous re-equipment, expansion and construction of various facilities, during the erection of which it will be necessary to perform not only erection works, but also excavations related to the construction of load-bearing structures, the construction of foundations and engineering communications.

Repair and reconstruction

Usually these concepts are inseparable from each other. Reconstruction and repair is a complex of works in which it is necessary first to change partially or completely the size of the building or to carry out its reorganization, and then move to internal redevelopment and final decoration. Reorganization of buildings is often performed when new objects are being built nearby, accompanied by laying various communications, or in case of deterioration of any structures, as well as changes in the condition of the ground beneath them.