Projects of houses with a cellar. Features of the layout, recommendations

Projects of houses with a cellar are very popular and loved by our compatriots. In conditions of dense urban development, they allow you to save the total area of the house and significantly increase the useful.

In one-story buildings, the basement can serve to store products or store various things that are not needed at the moment.

In the two-story cottages the basement is just a necessity. It makes it possible to unload the main rooms and bring out sources of electricity and heat supply: boilers, heating boilers, etc., which leaves more space for living quarters. However, such houses are more expensive and their design is more complicated.

Advantages of the basement

The basement can be equipped both in one-story, and in two-storey and multi-apartment buildings. Projects of houses with a basement are very diverse. Planning, as a rule, begins even during the pouring under the foundation building. The basement allows to unload the house from utility rooms, storerooms, boiler room and boiler room.

The undoubted advantage of the main building is the organization of the so-called "warm floor", especially when an autonomous heating system is implemented in the basement. Due to the fact that warm air rises, the floor in the house is always warm, and the building itself is dry.

Often in the basement there is a study, a billiard room. And lately, you can often find a sauna, a swimming pool.

Disadvantages of houses with a cellar

Despite the obvious advantages, the projects of houses with a basement have one very significant drawback - they are more expensive.

Excavation with the involvement of special equipment, the device of high-quality ventilation and waterproofing require significant costs. Therefore, the high cost of implementing such a project for many becomes the main reason for refusing to equip the basement.

In addition, many hydrogeological factors influence the construction of the basement floor, among which the type of soil and the level of groundwater occurrence are of no small importance.

• If a site with a rocky ground, the development of the foundation is complicated by mandatory attraction of special equipment. Thus, excavation of the house owner will cost a good "penny".
• If the level of groundwater is higher than the depth of the basement, the construction of the basement will also incur very significant additional costs, since the owner will have to invest in the acquisition of reliable waterproofing.

Construction of the basement

Projects of single-storey houses with a basement can be called the most common. The basement here is used, as a rule, for placing heating boilers, communication systems, etc.

In the construction of the basement, special attention should be paid to the groundwater flow and the freezing level of the ground itself, since these factors influence the depth of the basement for the house and the depth of the basement. If you do not take into account these parameters, when raising the groundwater in the basement will appear moisture, from which it will be difficult to get rid of.

Preparatory work

First of all, make up a plan of the house with a cellar, which also indicates all the building materials that will be used in building the structure, their size and quantity.

Then prepare the site for construction, level the soil, remove vegetation.

You can do this job:

• Using improvised tools;
• With the help of special equipment: bulldozer, tractor, etc.

The leveling of the surface with the help of tools can be carried out only if the area of irregularities and vegetation is not very large.

Special equipment is used in problem areas with uneven terrain and with a lot of vegetation.

Construction of a basement with a foundation

When building a basement, you should take into account the pressure of the soil on the walls. That is why their thickness should be at least 30-40 cm.

First of all, the plot is marked with the layout of the future basement and basement. Then on it, using special equipment, dig a pit and a trench for the foundation of the house.

The basement can be located both along the perimeter of the structure, and in a certain part of it. For the construction of the basement dig a foundation pit depth of at least 2 m. And if there is planned the arrangement of a working room, a billiard room, etc., then its depth should be at least 2.5 m.

After the pit and trench are ready, a formwork is being built to fill the basement and the walls of the basement.

Today, the projects of single-storey houses with a basement are very popular, and many mistakenly believe that the foundation may not be very deep, because the building will not have a significant weight.

The basement and walls of the basement are poured simultaneously. This process can not be interrupted even for several days. During this time, the concrete can dry out and the casting is no longer possible.

The basement and the walls of the cellar must necessarily survive for 15-21 days. Only after this, you can kick out the walls of the house.

Projects of two-storey houses with a basement

Two-story buildings from one-storey buildings differ not only in size and height, but also in weight, which has a great effect on the base of the house itself. This is important to consider.

A two-storey house can be both full-fledged and have an attic as a second floor. On this depends largely on the choice of the type of foundation, its depth, as well as the possibility of using the basement.

Recently, the projects of houses with a basement and an attic are very common, because the roof significantly increases the useful area. In buildings of this type, the basement is most often used for arranging utility rooms, storerooms for storing things, food, etc. Some here equip a sauna.

Two-story buildings with a basement in comparison with houses with a penthouse have enough weight and, accordingly, exert greater pressure on the ground and walls of the bulk room. For this reason, a monolithic foundation is used here , which is capable of withstanding a large load.

In recent decades, also have become very popular projects of houses with a basement and a garage. This type of buildings came to us from the west, where it gained popularity due to the practicality and convenience of the buildings.

Materials for the construction of the basement

In addition to concrete for the construction of the basement can be used and more modern building materials, such as:

• Aerated concrete and foam concrete blocks;
• brick;
• Wide building blocks;
• Other.

Projects of houses with a basement: comfortable lay-out

We offer to consider the layout of a simple, but functional house.

In the basement there is a garage (7), a workshop (8) two storerooms (6) and a bathroom (9). Directly in the house there is a living room (1), four bedrooms (2), a spacious kitchen (3) with a dining room (4) and a bathroom.

Another very interesting project is a small but functional enough house with a basement room. In the basement there is a garage, a boiler room, a sauna, a greenhouse. On the first floor there is an entrance hall, kitchen and a spacious living room. In the attic floor - bedroom and study, if desired, you can make two bedrooms.

Projects of houses with a basement can be very different. The range of materials and technologies presented by the modern construction market allows the owners to implement any, even very bold decisions.