Phenomenology of Husserl

Phenomenology as a philosophical trend arose thanks to the work of the German philosopher Edmund Husserl, who, defending his thesis in mathematics and working in this field, gradually changed his interests in favor of philosophical science. His views were formed under the influence of such philosophers as Bernard Bolzano and Franz Brentano. The first believed that the truth exists, despite whether it is expressed or not, and it is this idea that pushed Husserl to strive to rid knowledge of psychologism.

The phenomenology of Husserl and the ideas that underlie it are set forth in the works Logical Studies, Ideas of Pure Phenomenology and Phenomenological Philosophy, Philosophy as a Strict Science and other works where the philosopher described the concepts of logic and philosophy, scientific problems and problems knowledge. Most of the works of the philosopher can be found in the translation into Russian.

E. Husserl believed that it was necessary to develop a new method, which he did in his time. The essence of the new method was to return to things and understand what things are. According to the philosopher, only a description of the phenomena (phenomena) that appear to the mind of a person can help to understand things. So, in order to understand and understand them, a person must realize the "epoch", bracket his views and beliefs about the natural attitude that imposes people's belief in the existence of the world of things.

Phenomenology E. Husserl helps understand the essence of things, but not facts, it is not interested in a specific norm of morality or behavior, she is wondering why this rule is such. For example, to study the rituals of a particular religion, it is important to understand what religion is in general, to comprehend its essence. The subject of phenomenology, according to the philosopher, is the realm of pure meanings and truths. Husserl writes that phenomenology is the first philosophy, the science of pure principles and principles of knowledge and consciousness, universal teaching.

The statements of the philosopher testify that Husserl's phenomenology (briefly written about it in any textbook of philosophy) is designed to turn philosophy into a strict science, that is, into a theory of knowledge that is capable of giving a clear picture of the world around us. With the help of the new philosophy, one can achieve deeper knowledge, whereas the old philosophy could not give such a level of depth. Husserl believed that it was the defects of the old philosophy that caused the crisis of European science and civilization. The crisis of science was conditioned by the fact that the existing scientific criteria no longer operated, and the world view and world order required changes.

Husserl's phenomenology also says that the world has turned against philosophy and science, which are trying to bring it in order. The desire to normalize life activity arose in ancient Greece and opened the way for mankind to infinity. So, the philosopher proposes to engage in intellectual activity, to search for norms, to facilitate practice and knowledge. It was thanks to philosophy, he believed, that ideas shape sociality. As we see, Husserl's phenomenology is not an easy theory, but her ideas developed in the works of M. Scheler, M. Heidegger, G.G. Shpet, M. Merlo-Ponty and others.