Number of pensioners in Russia: statistics

A retiree is a person who regularly receives a cash benefit from the state in connection with the achievement of the established age, disability, loss of breadwinner or resignation after military service. In connection with the demographic problems in many countries, talk about the need for reform in this area. The number of pensioners in Russia is steadily growing, in 2015 it was 35,163 people. This is 24% of all Russian citizens. Thus, in 2015 for 1000 people. The able-bodied population accounts for 411.7 pensioners.

Historical Context

For the first time, pensions were paid to officers of the Navy. This happened in 1673 in France. The universal pension system was first implemented in Germany in 200 years, in 1889. In the tsarist period in Russia, it never appeared. Only a few categories of military and civil servants received pensions. Legislative consolidation of the universal system was received only in the USSR. In 1930, the retirement age was set: 60 years for men, 55 for women.

Types of pension systems

There are several ways to finance such benefits. The following types of pension systems can be distinguished:

• Distributive. It is based on social insurance. It implies a combination of individual and collective factors.
• Conditionally funded. It is based on the demographic and macroeconomic situation in the country. In this case, the amount of the pension is determined on the basis of the conditional income and the expected life expectancy.
• Accumulative. In the conditions of this system, the pension depends on wages, deductions go to a separate account. Unlike the previous system, everything depends on real, not conditional income. The employee has the right to choose a pension fund in which he makes deductions.

In the world

In most countries of the world, the retirement age is 65 years. In some EU countries and in the US, more and more talk about the need for its recovery in connection with the "aging" of nations. It is assumed that the age of retirement by 2060 will increase to 70 years. In Germany, they want to do this in the near future. Since the number of pensioners in Russia is constantly increasing, some experts also talk about the need to change the existing system of receiving state benefits by age.

In the Russian Federation

Since January 1, 2015, Russia has started to operate a new pension system. It combines elements of accumulative, insurance and guaranteed benefits. In 2015, the number of pensioners in Russia reached 43 million citizens. And a significant part of them receives a pension, the size of which is less than the established subsistence level for the corresponding age group. Particularly distressed is the situation of people who did not have a lot of money in connection with the need to care for sick relatives.

The system of Russia is two-tiered. Citizens can choose between the Pension Fund and non-state actors. There are also two types of benefits. They differ in the source of their financial security. The main type are labor pensions. The right to them arises in connection with the achievement of a certain age or length of service. Pensions of the second type are paid due to other circumstances. For example, military service, work in law enforcement.

Statistics: the number of pensioners in Russia

Older citizens in the Russian Federation are protected by the Constitution, which guarantees them state support. Their rights are also regulated by a number of international documents adopted within the framework of the United Nations. In order to improve the lives of older citizens in the Russian Federation, a number of strategic documents of the Government, as well as regulatory and legal acts of the subjects of the Russian Federation, were adopted.

The terminology of the designation of pensioners may differ somewhat. However, the general criterion for classifying the population for this group is the age limit: for men - 60 years, for women - 55 years. The number of pensioners in Russia for 2016 is 35,986 thousand people. This is 24.6% of the total population, 0.6% more than in 2015. Over the past ten years, the burden on the able-bodied population has increased significantly. If in 2006 there were 326.7 pensioners per 1000 people, then in 2015 - 411.7.

The number of persons of incapable working age increased due to the increase in life expectancy. And this trend is typical for both sexes. However, the mortality rate of men over working age is still significantly higher than that of women. And this gap continues to increase. It is expected that in 2031 in Russia there will be 42 324 thousand pensioners. This is 28.7% of the total population. The forecast shows that there will be 533.8 pensioners per 1,000 people of working age.

Number of non-working pensioners in Russia

In 2017, it is expected that a bill will be adopted, according to which a part of disabled people will stop receiving the usual allowance from the state. Changes can only affect those who continue to work in retirement. In addition, not all, but only a small part - people with income exceeding one million rubles.

The number of working pensioners in Russia for the first quarter of 2016 decreased by 36%. If in 2015 there were 15 million of them, now only 9.6. As a result, the government not only failed to save on the refusal to index pensions, but had to allocate an additional transfer for compulsory insurance. If we consider how many pensioners in Russia continued to work before that, this number constantly increased. In 2014, 34.9% of persons with disabilities were employed. Among the dominant reasons for encouraging retirees to work:

• Lack of cash.
• Need for communication.
• Desire to make extra savings.
• Striving for financial independence.
• Interest in the work.
• Habit.

Thus, a selective survey of working pensioners in the spheres of education, health and social services shows the importance of social motivation for the active work of persons who have reached the age of incapacity for work. This strategy is significant not only for the people themselves, but for the state as a whole, since Russia belongs to the "aging" nations.

Typical trend is the increase in employment of pensioners for both the EU and OECD countries. If in 2004 only 26% at the age of 60 to 65 years worked, then in 2014 - already 35.3%. In Russia, this indicator is slightly lower. In this age group in 2013, only 30% continued to work. This allows us to conclude that it is possible to increase the economic activity of pensioners.

In the military sphere

A number of groups of persons are allocated, the benefit to which is accrued in a special order. To military pensioners, besides the persons who have served in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the border guards, firefighters, officers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Internal Affairs are also ranked. Since October 2016, another increase in their benefits is planned. The number of military pensioners in Russia is, according to the Ministry of Defense, 1.1 million people. The average allowance for this category of people is about 20 thousand rubles.

Financing Issues

The number of pensioners in Russia is increasing every year. Consequently, the burden on citizens of working age is also constantly increasing. The acute shortage of budgetary funds leads to the fact that some experts propose such a radical decision as the abolition of pensions for people who continue to work. However, for the time being this project concerns only those persons whose income exceeds one million dollars. Another way out is to raise the age of disability. To date, there are no restrictions on the payment of pensions to employees.