Nosology is what? The program "Seven Nosologies"

Nosology is the science of diseases, thanks to which it becomes possible to achieve the main goal that clinical medicine sets itself, namely, to clarify the functional and structural relationships in the disease. Nosology, in particular, includes such sections as etiology and pathogenesis. Consider them.

General etiology

Etiology is the science of the conditions and causes of the development of pathologies. Scientific causalism, the idea of how diseases develop, which has now become widespread, is based on materialistic dialectics. It is quite clear that in nature every phenomenon has its own cause, there is a connection between them, in each sequence of events it is necessary to be able to determine the decisive, the main factor. With this it is impossible to argue. However, the disease nosology is a complex science, and not everything in it is as obvious as it might seem at first glance. Based on the above, it can be argued that all etiological factors are divided into predisposing, contributing, as well as causing. Consider them.

Etiological factors

Causing factors, as a rule, provide specificity of pathology; They are usually represented by pathogens of various diseases. Contributing conditions include conditions of maintenance, use, feeding, and care. And predisposing are the human condition, its constitutional features, the type of central nervous system, hereditary predisposition.

The essence of scientific causality

Scientific causalism teaches that in all individual cases, with each pathology, it is necessary to search for the main, main cause of its development, and, having discovered it, find ways to combat not only the disease, but also the possibility of its occurrence.

General pathogenesis

To determine the nature of pathology, it is not enough to be aware of its cause, it is also necessary to find out how the pathogen in the human body acts, in other words, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of appearance and progression of the abnormal process. It is very important. Knowing what nosology is, it is easier to understand pathogenesis. These concepts are interrelated. Pathogenesis is the science of the mechanisms of the appearance and progression of the disease, as well as the ways in which the pathological factor spreads through the human body. This teaching is of great importance for medicine.

Mechanisms of the emergence and progression of diseases

There are several main mechanisms for the appearance and progression of pathologies. The most basic - it's neuro-humoral (also called centrogenic) and reflex. In addition, this includes a mechanism of direct action. What are they?

Reflector mechanism

The mechanism is reflexive if receptors (in other words, nerve endings) of a certain organ are sensitive to the effect of the pathogenic factor. Every medic should know this. The emerging excitation by means of centripetal (in other words, afferent) ways penetrates into the central nervous system. There is an analysis of the data. And then along the centrifugal paths (also called efferent), it rushes to certain organs, whose work is broken. Emerging changes in the first stage are protective, and in the event that they are not enough, an abnormal process begins to develop. It should be noted that nosology is a doctrine that every physician should understand.

The centrogenic (neuro-humoral) mechanism

The mechanism is neuro-humoral (in other words, centrogenic) if the pathogenic factor is in the blood that carried it to the nerve centers. Further, it begins to exert a certain influence on them, and they send impulses to organs whose work is violated. Naturally, this does not lead to anything good. It must be understood that nosology is a salvation for many sick people. After all, thanks to her, you can prevent some diseases today.

The immediate mechanism

The mechanism is immediate if the disturbances appear on the site of the disease-causing factor. These are frostbite, burns, alkali, and also acids. The disease-causing factors that penetrate the human body are spread by touch and anatomical continuation, along with secretions, lymph and blood, a retrograde method, and also along the nerve trunks.

7 nosologies

Six years ago, a program called "Seven Nosologies" was launched in our country.
Its essence lies in the fact that the medications needed to treat people with several rare pathologies that require costly therapy are now bought for money from the federal budget. Thus, patients receive medicines for free.

What diseases are included in this program?

To date, the program includes seven rare pathologies:

- cystic fibrosis;

- Glucosylceramide lipidosis;

- multiple sclerosis;

- hemophilia;

- dwarfism;

- myeloid leukemia;

- as well as patients who survived organ transplant and who need immunosuppressors.

Now you understand that nosology is not an easy science, and you should seriously study it. Also, you have become aware of basic information about the program "Seven Nosologies."