Who killed Lenin? Date of death of Lenin. Date of birth of Lenin and death

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin was a Russian state and political figure, the founder of the Soviet state and the Communist Party. Under his leadership was the October Revolution. Date of birth of Lenin and the death of the leader - 1870, April 22, and 1924, January 21, respectively.

Political and public activities

In 1917, after his arrival in Petrograd, the leader of the proletariat led the October uprising. At the Second Congress of Soviets he was elected chairman of the Council of People's Commissars and the Council of Peasants 'and Workers' Defense. The leader of the Bolsheviks was a member of the Central Executive Committee. Since 1918, Lenin lived in Moscow. In the conclusion of the Brest Peace the leader of the proletariat played a key role. From 1922, his political activities were discontinued due to a serious illness. Date of birth of Lenin and the death of the politician, thanks to his active work, went down in history.

Events of 1918

In 1918, on August 30, a coup d'état began. Trotsky at that time in Moscow was absent - he was on the Eastern Front, in Kazan. Dzerzhinsky was forced to leave the capital in connection with the murder of Uritsky. In Moscow there was a very tense situation. Companions and relatives insisted that Vladimir Ilyich did not go anywhere, did not attend any events. But the leader of the Bolsheviks refused to violate the order of speeches of the leaders of the provinces. The performance was planned in the Basmanny district, on the Bread Exchange. According to the recollections of the secretary of the district district committee of Yampolskaya, Lenin's defense was entrusted to Shablovsky, who was later to conduct Vladimir Ilyich to Zamoskvorechye. However, two or three hours before the alleged start of the rally, it was reported that the leader was not invited to speak. But the leader at the Bread Exchange still came. He was guarded, as expected, by Shablovsky. But there was no protection at the Michelson factory.

Who killed Lenin?

Kaplan (Fanny Efimovna) was the performer of an assassination attempt on the life of the leader. From the beginning of 1918, she actively collaborated with the Right SRs, who were then at a semi-legal position. To the place of the speech of the leader of the proletariat Kaplan was brought beforehand. She shot from the Browning almost at close range. All three bullets, fired from the weapon, were sent to Lenin. The witness of the assassination was the driver of the leader - Gil. He did not see Kaplan in the dark, and when he heard the shots, as some sources testify, he was confused and did not fire in response. Later, dismissing the suspicion, Gil during interrogations said that after the leader's speech, a crowd of workers came to the yard of the plant. This is what prevented him from opening fire. Vladimir Ilyich was wounded, but not killed. Subsequently, according to historical evidence, the perpetrator of the attempt was shot, and her body was burnt.

Deterioration of the health of the leader, moving to Gorki

In 1922, in March, Vladimir Ilyich began frequent seizures accompanied by loss of consciousness. In the following year, paralysis and speech damage developed on the right side of the body. However, despite such a difficult condition, the doctors hoped to improve the situation. In May 1923, Lenin was transported to Gorki. Here his health improved noticeably. And in October, he even asked to be transported to Moscow. However, he stayed in the capital for a short time. By winter the state of the leader of the Bolsheviks had become better so that he began to try to write with his left hand, and during the Christmas tree, in December, spent the whole evening with the children.

Events of the last days before the death of the leader

As testified by People's Commissar of Health Semashko, two days before his death, Vladimir Ilyich went hunting. This was confirmed by Krupskaya. She said that on the eve Lenin was in the forest, but, apparently, he was very tired. When Vladimir Ilyich was sitting on the balcony, he was very pale, and all the time he fell asleep in his chair. In recent months, he did not sleep at all during the day. A few days before her death, Krupskaya already felt the approach of something terrible. The leader's look was very tired and exhausted. He turned very pale, and his look, as Nadezhda Konstantinovna remembered, became different. But, despite the alarming signals, on January 21, a trip to the hunt was planned. According to doctors, all this time continued to progress the sclerosis of the vessels of the brain, as a result of which the parts of the brain "disconnected" one after another.

The last day of life

Professor Osipov, who treated Lenin, describes this day, testifying to the general malaise of the leader. On the 20th he had a bad appetite, the mood was sluggish. On this day, he did not want to study. At the end of the day, Lenin was put to bed. He was prescribed a light diet. This state of lethargy was noted and the next day, the politician remained in bed for four hours. He was visited in the morning, in the afternoon and evening hours. During the day, there was an appetite, the leader was given a broth. By six o'clock, there was an increase in malaise, there were cramps in the legs and hands, the politician lost consciousness. The doctor testifies that the right limbs were very tense - the leg could not be bent at the knee. Convulsive movements were observed in the left part of the trunk. The attack was accompanied by increased cardiac activity and increased breathing. The number of respiratory movements approached 36, and the heart contracted at a rate of 120-130 beats per minute. Along with this a very threatening sign appeared, consisting in violation of the correctness of the rhythm of breathing. This brain type of breathing is very dangerous and almost always indicates the approach of the fatal end. After a while, the condition somewhat stabilized. The number of respiratory movements decreased to 26, and the pulse - to 90 beats per minute. At that moment, the temperature of Lenin's body was 42.3 degrees. To such an increase resulted in a convulsive continuous state, which gradually began to weaken. Doctors began to harbor some hope for the normalization of the condition and favorable outcome of the seizure. However, at 18.50, blood blew to Lenin's face, it turned red, became purple. Then the leader sighed deeply, and the next moment - he died. After it was applied artificial respiration. Return to the life of Vladimir Ilyich, the doctors tried for 25 minutes, but all manipulations were unsuccessful. He died from paralysis of the heart and breathing.

The Secret of Lenin's Death

In the official medical report, it was pointed out that the leader had progressed at a widespread atherosclerosis of the brain vessels. At one point, as a result of blood circulation disorders and hemorrhage into the soft membrane, Vladimir Ilyich died. However, a number of historians believe that the murder of Lenin occurred, namely: he was poisoned. The leader's condition worsened gradually. As the historian Lurie testifies, Vladimir Ilyich suffered a stroke in 1921, as a result of which the right side of the body was paralyzed. However, by 1924 he was able to recover so much that he was able to go hunting. Neurologist Winters, who studied the medical history in detail, even testified that a few hours before his death the leader was very active and even talked. Shortly before the fateful end, several convulsive seizures occurred. But, according to the neurologist, it was just a manifestation of a stroke - these symptoms are characteristic of this pathological condition. However, the matter was not only and not so much in the disease. So why did Lenin die? According to the conclusion of the toxicological examination, which was carried out at the time of the autopsy, traces of toxic substances were found in the leader's body . Based on this, experts concluded that the cause of death was poison.

Versions of researchers

If the leader was poisoned, then who killed Lenin? After a while, different versions were put forward. The main "suspect" was Stalin. According to historians, it was he who, more than anyone, benefited from the death of the leader. Joseph Stalin aspired to become the leader of the country, and only after eliminating Vladimir Ilyich, could achieve this. According to another version of who killed Lenin, suspicions fell on Trotsky. However, this conclusion is less plausible. Many historians are of the opinion that Stalin was the customer of the murder. Despite the fact that Vladimir Ilyich and Joseph Vissarionovich were associates, the first was against the appointment of the second leader of the country. In this connection, realizing the danger, on the eve of his death, Lenin tried to build a tactical alliance with Trotsky. The death of the leader guaranteed to Joseph Stalin absolute power. In the year of Lenin's death, a lot of political events took place. After his death, a reshuffle began in the leadership. Many figures were eliminated by Stalin. In their place came new people.

The opinions of some scientists

Vladimir Ilyich died, being in middle age (how many years Lenin died, it's easy to calculate). Scientists say that the walls of the cerebral vessels of the leader for his 53 years were less durable than necessary. However, the causes of destruction in the brain tissues remain unclear. Objective provoking factors for this was not: Vladimir Ilyich was young enough for this and did not belong to the risk group for pathologies of this kind. In addition, the politician did not smoke himself and did not allow smokers to visit him. He had no excess weight, no diabetes. Vladimir Ilyich did not suffer from hypertension or other cardiac pathologies. After the death of the leader there were rumors that his body was struck by syphilis, but there was no evidence of this. Some experts speak of heredity. As is known, the date of Lenin's death is January 21, 1924. He lived a year less than his father, who died at the age of 54 years. Vladimir Ilyich might have a predisposition to vascular pathologies. In addition, the party leader was in a state of stress almost constantly. He was often haunted by fears for his life. The disturbance was more than enough, both in youth and in adulthood.

Events after the death of the leader

Precise information about who killed Lenin, no. However, in one of his articles Trotsky asserted that Stalin had poisoned the leader. In particular, he wrote that in February 1923, during the meeting of members of the Politburo, Iosif Vissarionovich said that Vladimir Ilyich urgently demands it to him. Lenin asked for poison. The leader began to lose his ability to speak again, he considered his situation hopeless. He did not believe the doctors, he was tormented, but he kept his thoughts clear. Stalin told Trotsky that Vladimir Ilyich was tired of suffering and wanted to carry poison with him, so that when it became completely unbearable, to end everything. However, Trotsky was categorically opposed (in any case, he said so then). This episode has confirmation - the secretary of Lenin told about this case to the writer Bek. Trotsky maintained that in his own words Stalin tried to secure an alibi himself, in order to actually poison the leader.

Several facts denying that the leader of the proletariat was poisoned

Some historians believe that the most reliable information in the official conclusion of doctors is the date of Lenin's death. Opening of the body was carried out in compliance with the necessary formalities. This was taken care of by the Secretary General - Stalin. During the autopsy, the doctors did not look for poison. But if shrewd specialists were found, then most likely they would put forward a version of suicide. It is supposed that Stalin did not receive the poison from Stalin. Otherwise, after the death of Lenin, the successor would destroy all the witnesses and people who were close to Ilyich, so that not a single trace remains. In addition, by the time of his death, the leader of the proletariat was practically helpless. Doctors did not predict significant improvements, so the likelihood of recovery was small.

Facts confirming poisoning

It should, however, be said that the version according to which Vladimir Ilyich died of poison has many supporters. There are even a number of facts, these are confirmatory. So, for example, the writer Solovyov devoted a lot of pages to this issue. In particular, in the book "Operation Mausoleum" of Trotsky's arguments, the author confirms by a number of arguments:

1. The autopsy started with a delay of 16 hours and 20 minutes.
2. Under the conclusion there is no signature of one of the doctors - the personal doctor of Trotsky and the leader himself - Guetier. The expert referred to the dishonesty of the autopsy performed.
3. Among the specialists there were no pathologists.
4. The chemical analysis of gastric contents was not carried out.
5. Vital organs, including the heart, lungs, were in good condition. At the same time, the gastric walls were destroyed.

There is also evidence of the doctor Gabriel Volkov. It should be said that this doctor was arrested shortly after the death of the leader. While in detention, Volkov told Elizaveta Lesotho - her cellmate - about what happened on the morning of January 21. The doctor brought Lenin at 11 o'clock the second breakfast. Vladimir Ilyich was in bed, and when he saw Volkov, he tried to raise himself and held out his hands to him. However, the forces left politics, and he fell on the pillows again. At the same time, a note fell from my hand. Volkov managed to hide it before the doctor Elistratov entered and made a soothing injection. Vladimir Ilyich fell silent, closed his eyes, as it turned out forever. And only in the evening, when Lenin was already dead, Volkov was able to read the note. In it the leader wrote that he was poisoned. Solovyov believes that the policy was poisoned with mushroom soup, in which there was a dried poisonous mushroom cortinarius ciosissimus, which caused the rapid death of Lenin. The struggle for power after the death of the leader was not stormy. Stalin received absolute power and became the leader of the country, eliminating all those who disliked him. The year of Lenin's birth and death for the Soviet people became memorable for a long time.