Nobel Peace Laureates: List. Who received the Nobel Peace Prize?

Probably, only the desire of mankind for self-expression and heroic deeds contributes to the emergence of unusually viable initiatives. So the gentleman named Nobel took it and decided to leave his money to his descendants in order to reward the masters who stood out in this or that area. He has long rested in the damp earth, but the people remember him. The population is waiting (some with impatience), when the next lucky ones will be announced. And the candidates try, set goals, even intrigue, trying to ascend to this Olympus glory. And if everything is clear with scientists and researchers - they receive their awards for real achievements or discoveries, what are the winners of the Nobel Peace Prize? Interesting? Let's figure it out.

Who and for what awards the award?

There is a special committee whose main task is to select and approve
Nominations for the highest award in this field. The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded to people who have distinguished themselves in strengthening the security and stability on the planet. It is issued annually. The procedure takes place in Oslo, the tenth of December. At the same time, both international organizations and national governments can propose a candidate who will become a laureate. They are listed in the Committee's Charter. Any person who was or is a member of the Nobel Committee also has the right to participate in the nomination process. In addition, the Charter provides such privileges to professors of universities engaged in politics or history.

The Nobel Peace Prize laureates themselves also have the opportunity to offer outstanding figures to replenish their ranks. The procedure is fairly democratic. It is important to justify your proposal. Naturally, here are inappropriate falsifications or cunnings. The nominee must know the whole world. The activities of such a person can not be a secret. Only open and meaningful for humanity.

A bit of history

I must say that the Nobel Peace Prize was born as a kind of "redemption of sins." Alfred Nobel was a scientist, a man keen and not warlike. He invented and created dynamite. Moved the inventor desire to help mankind to master the natural expanses, to extract useful minerals. He did not know what terrible "serpent" he releases into the world. Of course, it was used for its intended purpose. Only more it became famous (in the negative sense) in the war. At that time dynamite was a terrible and destructive weapon. Not only that the inventor suffered from such an unexpected turn of events, so he was also "rinsed" in the press under the full program. A man who wants to give the world a convenient and useful tool was called almost a killer.

It touched Nobel. In the will, he ordered to put the fortune in the bank. The accumulated funds are divided into five parts, one of which is annually to extradite a person who distinguished himself in establishing peace. The remaining four were intended for scientists who achieved outstanding results in physics, chemistry, medicine and art (literature).

Who was the first?

Nobel died in 1896. His will began to be fulfilled after some time. Naturally, it was necessary to organize organizational events, develop "rules" and "criteria". The first winners of the Nobel Peace Prize were announced in 1901. There were two of them. This is allowed. It is not necessary to give out the entire amount to one candidate. If the Committee believes that several people have shown equal abilities, have achieved comparable results, then they are awarded one prize. In 1901 they became Frederic Passy and Jean Henri Dunant. They have made a significant contribution to the work on the establishment of mechanisms designed to resolve conflicts. Passy worked at the inter-parliamentary level. His efforts created the International League of Peace. Dunant became famous for the idea of creating the International Committee of the Red Cross. This organization is still considered one of the largest, carrying out a humanitarian mission. Since then, one hundred and two people have been awarded the same award. The Nobel Peace Prize was also awarded to collective bodies. It received twenty-five organizations.

Who and for what the Nobel Peace Prize was received?

Laureates, whose list is not hidden from the general public, cause different reactions in the hearts of people. Some are considered to be "doves of the world", others are condemned for one reason or another. Some members of the public say that they have been awarded an undeserved Nobel Peace Prize. Laureates (the list varies in different countries) are criticized mainly for political reasons.

There is a list of the most scandalous individuals who have this award. At the same time, one part of humanity believes that they received a prize quite deservedly, another denies this fact. The whole point is how to relate to the results of their activities. After all, for example, Gorbachev, whose Nobel Peace Prize was awarded in 1990, is completely ambiguous in Russia and abroad. In the West, his activities to destroy the "evil empire" (USSR) are considered outstanding, and on the expanses of this former great country - a great misfortune. The President of Russia repeatedly called this event a tragedy, referring to those woes that suddenly fell on the heads of ordinary people. By the way, V. Putin was repeatedly nominated for the award. The Nobel Peace Prize is not listed on the list of his achievements, unfortunately. Most likely, this is not an indicator of the relationship of the world to its work, but a political game.

The most deserved laureates

Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to various figures. Among them, Martin Luther King stands out as unambiguous about his merits. This great man fought against racial discrimination. He was a pastor and believed that it was possible to overcome negative phenomena in an absolutely peaceful way, without resorting to aggressive methods. His contribution to the democratization of US society is still considered unsurpassed.

This is also an assessment of the achievements of Nelson Mandela. He was awarded the award in 1993. His life was devoted to the struggle for equality of citizens, regardless of skin color. For his anti-racist ideas, he was isolated for thirty years in prison, but he did not give up. It should be noted that Mandela enjoyed the incredible respect of his fellow citizens. Less than four years have passed since his release, and he was elected president of South Africa.

When they study who received the Nobel Peace Prize, they inevitably run into the name of another politician, whose activities are not criticized. Such a person is Tenzin Gyatso, Dalai Lama. This is an absolutely outstanding personality. He had to take on spiritual leadership from a small age. Buddhists recognized the boy as an incarnation of the deceased lama. Subsequently, he had to assume political responsibility for Tibet (at the age of sixteen). All his work is based on kindness, tolerance and love (from the formulation of the Nobel Committee). It should be added that he could not agree with the Chinese government. Now he lives and conducts his ideas in exile.

It turns out that not everything is so simple!

There are very controversial laureates of this high award. The committee is often criticized for being too politicized. Residents of the post-Soviet space such a figure seems Mikhail Gorbachev. The Nobel Peace Prize was also presented to such a person, as disputable from the point of view of the world public, as Yasser Arafat. This decision of the Committee is considered scandalous on the grounds that this laureate did not deny military ways to achieve his goals. On his account, not only fights, but also terrorist acts. He himself proclaimed his goal the destruction of a whole sovereign state (Israel). That is, despite the fact that Arafat fought for the welfare of the people of the Middle East, it is difficult to assign him the title of peacekeeper. Another scandalous figure is Barack Obama. The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to him in 2009. I must say that the Committee had to come to terms with a flurry of criticisms about this decision.

About Obama more

In the world press there is still an opinion that the president of the United States was awarded the "advance" award. At that time, he only took office, still nothing significant did not differ. And those initiatives and decisions that he subsequently adopted, do not explain at all, for which he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

Obama is considered the president who unleashed the greatest number of military conflicts. Victims do not lend themselves to calculus because of the "hybrid nature" of these clashes (the term appeared only recently). He had to make a decision about bombing and ground operations. He is criticized for invading Syria, unrest in Iraq and Ukraine. Nevertheless, Obama received the Nobel Peace Prize and is among its laureates.

This "advance reward" leads to the emergence of new scandals. As the zones of tension escalate, some politicians are in favor of annulling this award. There is an opinion that such non-peaceful behavior disgraces the high premium. In the Russian Federation, naturally, they think that Vladimir Putin is a more worthy candidate. The Nobel Peace Prize, perhaps, will still be awarded to him for the true tenacity that he manifests in the resolution of conflicts.

About money

People are often interested not in the achievements of individuals awarded this award, but in its amount. The Nobel Peace Prize and the truth can strike the imagination. The fact is that all the funds of the Committee do not lie simply in financial institutions. They "work", increasing in size. According to the will, the profit is divided into five parts. They are not the same and take on more and more impressive sizes every year. So, the very first sum, handed in in 1901, was equal to forty two thousand dollars. In 2003, the amount was already 1.35 million. Its size is affected by the state of the world economy. Dividends that go to payouts can not only increase, but also decrease. For example, in 2007 the premium was 1.542 million, and by 2008 it "melted" ($ 1.4 million).

These funds are distributed by five equal shares in nominations, and then - by the number of laureates, in accordance with the rules according to which the Nobel Peace Prize is awarded. How much money will go to the rewards in each year - the Committee determines by making appropriate calculations of earnings from securities and other assets.

Russian laureates

Our fellow citizens only received such a reward twice. In addition to Gorbachev, such an honor was awarded to scientist Andrei Sakharov. However, it was not his scientific works that became the reason for awarding the prize. Sakharov was considered a human rights activist and a fighter against the regime. In Soviet times he was sharply criticized and persecuted. The scientist worked on the creation of hydrogen weapons. Despite this, he openly advocated the ban on testing weapons of mass destruction, against the arms race. His ideas were very popular in society and did not like the ruling elite at all.

Sakharov is considered to be a passionate champion of the world, who suffered for their views. The Nobel Committee applied the wording: "for courage in the fight against abuse of power ...". Nevertheless, he was, rather, an idealist, a kind and not aggressive person (from the memoirs of his colleagues). More Russians have not received a high award, which does not mean that there are no decent people living in our country. Rather, this fact can be perceived as a political engagement of the Committee, the use of the award in geopolitical competition.

Who has not received the prize, but is worthy?

Many politicians believe that Mahatma Gandhi, more than all other figures, deserved a high award. This man was engaged in the organization of the struggle of the Indians with the colonialists. Gandhi had not only to devise ways by which a weak and unarmed population could resist the British Army, but they also had to be correlated with the peculiarities of the local religion. Such a method was invented by him. It is called non-violent resistance and is often used nowadays. Mahatma Gandhi was offered to the Committee five times. Only there were "more worthy" candidates (which again can be explained by the politicization of this organization). Subsequently, the officials responsible for awarding the Nobel Prize, expressed their regret at the fact that Gandhi did not become a laureate.

The incidents of the Nobel Committee

There are such incredible things in the history of this organization that can now only be perceived anecdotally. So, as is known, for this award in 1939 was nominated no other than Adolf Hitler. Nobel Peace Prize, fortunately, he did not get. And it's not about money. What would be the prestige of the organization, which would call the peacemaker a person guilty of the death of millions of people on our planet? The Nobel Committee refused to award it, motivating this decision with the attitude of the Nazis towards the Jews.

Nevertheless, during the nomination, Hitler's activities looked quite progressive for the German intelligentsia. He has just concluded two large peace agreements, raised industry, cared about the development of science and art. At present, people understand to what extent the claims of Hitler for the award were absurd and unreasonable. But at that time, the inhabitants of Germany perceived him as a real leader leading them to a bright life. Yes, to some extent it was true. He really cared about the Germans, only at the expense of people of other nationalities. To the credit of the members of the Nobel Committee, they understood this and refused to nominate him for the award.

Collective laureates

This award was given three times to organizations, one way or another associated with the Red Cross. If you consider the first winner - its organizer, then four. It should be noted that this international organization undoubtedly deserves such a high evaluation. Its representatives always find a field for themselves. Whether they are territories of bloody conflicts or epidemics, they often find themselves at the center of events, holding out a much needed hand to support unfortunate people in distress. By the way, once the laureate of the award was the UN (2001), earlier it was noted by its peacekeeping forces (1988) and the service for refugees (1981). Of the not-so-famous organizations, laureates can be called the International Labor Organization (1969). Wave is possible, we do not hear about it, because since the time when its influence in the world was so great that it was rewarded, a lot of time passed.

The laureates of this serious award are many. The names of some entered the history of courage and courage, others - scandals and intrigues. On the third do not remember at all. Nevertheless, people want this award to fall into the hands of really worthy personalities, regardless of political conjuncture.