Nishtadt world as a result of Peter the Great's long-standing efforts

The history of our country at the end of the 17th and early 18th centuries is full of numerous events that directly influenced the further development of Russia. The personality of Peter the Great, his energy, his unwise activity led to the emergence of a new state, and the Nystadt world was one of the main achievements of this era.

"The age of losses"

At the end of the XVII century, Russia was quite a vast country, but it did not have a significant impact on European affairs. This was due to both previous historical events and the inertia of the rulers. Throughout this century, our country has experienced many upheavals. Time of Troubles, the intervention of Rzecz Pospolita and Sweden, the loss of Western lands, popular uprisings, the apogee of which was the riot of Stepan Razin. As a result of all these events, Russia lost its exits to the sea, through which active trade was conducted, and was isolated.

In addition, an important role was played by the fact that the rulers of this period: Mikhail Fedorovich, Alexei Mikhailovich, Fyodor Alekseyevich, Ivan Alekseevich - were weak in health and did not differ in state thinking. The exception to this series was Sophia Alekseevna.

Beginning of big things

She was a small period of regent with younger brothers - Ivan, who was mentally retarded, and Petra, who could not rule on his own due to a minor. With her, foreign policy became more active . Russia has committed two Crimean campaigns, which were designed to weaken this Khanate, and, if possible, to gain access to the Black Sea. However, both military campaigns ended extremely unsuccessfully for Russia, which was one of the reasons for the fall of Sophia.

Peter in the meantime, it seemed, was engaged in childishness. He organized military games, studied tactics, several ships were built on the lake of the village of Kolomenskoye, which Peter proudly called the fleet. As he grew older, he more and more clearly understood that Russia simply needed to have exits to warm shipping seas. In this idea, he became even more entrenched, visiting the White Sea and Arkhangelsk - one ice-free port that Russia had at its disposal.

Intelligence and cooperation with Europe

The struggle between Peter and Sophia ended with the victory of the first. Since 1689, he has taken full power in his own hands. The king had a dilemma, to which sea - Black or Baltic - to try to get out. In 1695 and 1696 he decided to fight to find out the forces opposing our country in the south. The Azov campaigns showed that the forces available to Russia are definitely not enough to overcome the powerful Ottoman Empire and its faithful vassal - the Crimean Khanate.

Peter did not despair and turned his attention to the north, to the Baltic. Here Sweden prevailed, but to engage in a fight with one of the leading European countries of that time without allies was suicidal, so in the period 1697-1698, The king organized the Great Embassy in the countries of Europe. During this time, he visited the most developed countries of the continent, inviting experts in the military, engineering and shipbuilding business in Russia. In passing, diplomats recognized the balance of power in Europe. By this time the division of the Spanish inheritance was ripening, and the north of Europe was of little interest to the great powers.

The Nystadt Peace of 1721: the Origins of Victory

Taking advantage of this, the embassy concluded a number of treaties with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Saxony and Denmark. This alliance was named in the history of the Northern Alliance and was aimed at undermining Sweden's dominance in the Baltic region. The war begins in 1700.

The Swedish king acted very quickly and decisively. In the same year, the Swedish troops landed near Copenhagen and with powerful attacks forced the Danish king to make peace. The next victim of Karl Twelfth chose Russia. As a result of inept command and other circumstances, Russian troops suffered a crushing defeat near Narva. The Swedish king decided that Peter was no longer his rival, and concentrated military operations in Saxony, where he achieved victory in 1706.

Peter, however, was not discouraged. By rapid, vigorous measures, he creates, in fact, a new army based on recruitment kits, and practically updates the artillery park. In parallel, the construction of the fleet was underway. After 1706, Russia fought with Sweden alone. And the king's active actions gave the result. Gradually, the initiative and the preponderance shifted to the side of the Russian troops, which was fixed by the victory in the Battle of Poltava, which resulted in the conclusion that the Nystadt peace was concluded with Sweden.

Russia becomes an empire

However, the war continued for another 12 years, to victories on land Russia added sea victoria. The Battle of Gangut in 1714 and the Grengam in 1720 enshrined the dominant role of the Russian fleet on the Baltic shores. In view of the obvious advantage of Russia, the Swedish government requested an armistice. The Nystadt peace was concluded a few months later, it marked the complete victory of our country.

The amazed England and France were amazed that while they were engaged in Spanish affairs, such a powerful military-political force was formed in the east of the continent. But they were forced to agree with this. The conditions of the Nystadt world implied a change in the borders between the two states. To Russia, the territories of Livonia, Estland, Ingermanlandia, as well as some regions of Karelia, have gone to perpetual possession. For these lands, Russia pledged to pay Sweden compensation of 2 million rubles and return Finland. The Senate proclaimed Peter the Emperor, and Russia - an empire. From this moment our state becomes one of the countries that are the rulers of the destinies of Europe and the world.