Formation of the Golden Horde

Gold of the Horde was formed in the Middle Ages, and it was really a powerful state. Many countries tried to maintain good relations with him. Cattle breeding became the main occupation of the Mongols, and they knew nothing about the development of agriculture. They were fascinated by military art, which is why they were wonderful riders. It should be especially noted that the Mongols did not take into their ranks the weak and cowardly people.

In 1206 Genghis Khan becomes a great khan, whose real name is Temuchin. He managed to unite many tribes. Possessing a strong military potential, Genghis Khan with his army defeated East Asia, Tangut Kingdom, North China, Korea and Central Asia. Thus began the formation of the Golden Horde.

This state lasted about two hundred years. It was formed on the ruins of the empire of Genghis Khan and was a powerful political entity in Desht-i-Kypchak. The gold of the Horde appeared after the Khazar Khaganate was lost , it was the heir to the empires of nomadic tribes in the Middle Ages. The goal, which the formation of the Golden Horde had set for itself, was to take possession of one branch of the (northern) Great Silk Road.

Eastern sources say that in 1230 a large detachment, consisting of 30,000 Mongols, appeared in the steppes of the Caspian Sea. It was a site of nomadic Polovtsians, they were called Kypchaks. The thousands-strong Mongolian army went to the West. On the way the troops conquered the Volga Bulgars and Bashkirs, and after that they captured the Polovtsian lands.

Genghis Khan appointed in the Polovtsian lands as ulus (region of the empire) Juchi to his eldest son, who, like his father, died in 1227. The complete victory over these lands was won by the eldest son of Genghis Khan, who was called Batu. He with his army completely subjugated Ulus Juchi and stayed on the Lower Volga in 1242-1243.

In these years, the Mongolian state was divided into four parts. The Golden Horde was the first state in the state. Each of the four sons of Genghis Khan had his own ulus: Kulagu (here included the territory of the Caucasus, the Persian Gulf and the territory of the Arabs); Jagatai (including the area of present-day Kazakhstan and Central Asia); Ogadei (it consisted of Mongolia, Eastern Siberia, Northern China and Transbaikalia) and Juchi (this is the Black Sea and the Volga region). However, the main was Ugadei Ulus. In Mongolia was the capital of the general Mongolian empire - Karakorum. Here all the state events took place, the leader of the kagan was the chief man of the whole unified empire.

The Mongolian troops were militant, initially they attacked the Ryazan and Vladimir princedoms. Russian cities were again the target for conquest and enslavement. Only one Novgorod stood up. In the following two years, the Mongolian troops captured the whole of the then Rus. During the time of bitter military operations, Batu Khan lost half his army.

Russian princes were separated during the formation of the Golden Horde and therefore suffered permanent defeats. Batu conquered the Russian lands and taxed the local population with tribute. Alexander Nevsky was the first who managed to negotiate with the Horde and temporarily suspend military operations.

In the sixties a war between the uluses took place, which marked the breakup of the Golden Horde, which the Russian people used. In 1379 Dmitry Donskoy refused to pay tribute and killed the Mongolian generals. In response, the Mongolian Khan Mamai attacked Rus. The Battle of Kulikovo began , in which the Russian troops won. Their dependence on the Horde became insignificant and the Mongol troops left Russia. The collapse of the Golden Horde was completely completed.

The Tatar-Mongol yoke continued for 240 years and ended in the victory of the Russian people, however, the formation of the Golden Horde can not be overestimated. Thanks to the Tatar-Mongolian yoke the Russian principalities began to unite against the common enemy, which strengthened and made the Russian state even more powerful. Historians estimate the formation of the Golden Horde as an important stage for the development of Russia.