The title nation is ... Definition, examples. Indigenous people

Since the mid-1990s, since the formation of the sovereign states of the former USSR, issues related to national self-determination are increasingly emerging. In this connection, the notions of "nation", "titular nation", "nationality", "nationality", "indigenous people", "ethnic group", "ethnos" are full of media reports. As an ordinary man in the street without special socio-ethnic knowledge in all this to understand? And the main question, the title nation is a nationality, a nationality or a citizenship?

"Nation" and "titular nation" - what is it?

Sociology treats the concept of a "nation" as any ethnos that has developed historically, developing and reproducing itself in a particular territory. A nation is a social and economic aggregate that includes a common language, cultural traditions, economic interrelations, psychological characteristics and ethnic characteristics of the population.

It should not be confused with the concept of "nationality", which includes representatives of the ethnos throughout the planet.

The concept of "titular nation" appeared in sociology relatively recently - at the end of the XIX century. French politician Morris Barrens introduced the term "titular nation" in relation to the dominant ethnic group in the state where the language of this nation determines the system of education and cultural traditions become the basis of statehood.

The indigenous nation is the title?

The term "indigenous nation" is understood to mean the unified indigenous peoples living in a particular territory. At the same time, it is necessary to understand that an ethnic group or an ethnic group is an association of people closely connected by a long common residence and phylogenetic origin. A nation is a natural and social concept.

Title only called that nation, that ethnos, which as an ethnonym enters the name of state education, becomes the basis for civil statehood. It is worth noting that the titular nation is not a statutory norm, but often a social and social concept.

In the modern generalized understanding, the titular nation is an unfinished result of scientific and theoretical construction.

Ethnosociology

Sociologists and ethnographers often come to contradictions in the discussion of these concepts. A branch of sociology has been formed, which is called "ethnic sociology", the task of which is to study complex and often contradictory ethnic-ethnic relationships. To understand the content of such relations, in historical ways of development, in the formation of ethnic self-awareness, the emergence of the national question and the ways to solve it, is a modest list of the tasks of the young science.

The title nation is an indigenous people?

Different schools of enosociology, Western and post-Soviet, often use and apply these concepts are not always the same. Most often, the concepts of "indigenous nation" and "indigenous peoples" are used as synonyms.

The indigenous consider a nation that has lived historically for a long time in this territory, for example, Armenians in Armenia, Ukrainians in Ukraine, Tatars in Tatarstan.

But the titular indigenous nation will become the supremacy of its language in the general educational structure of state education. Whether it's an autonomous republic, state or district.

World examples

Monoethnic and multi-ethnic states stand out. Although the division is conditional and no official regulations have been issued by either the UN or UNESCO. In the world there are few monoethnic states - those where 95% is the share of one ethnic group and the boundaries of political are identical with ethnic ones. Examples of such countries are Japan, Norway, Madagascar, Bangladesh, Egypt, South Korea, Somalia, Armenia, Albania, Greece, Italy, Denmark, DPRK, Malta, Poland and Portugal. The list does not pretend to be completely reliable, since different sources take different indicators for the percentage of monoethnicity.

Identification problems

In the current situation, with the multi-ethnic composition of the majority of countries, dividing the country's citizens by title and not, with preferences and privileges granted by one in comparison with others, the problems of titular nations have become an edge in many states. Namely in the countries of the post-Soviet space, as well as Britain, Yugoslavia, Spain, Czechoslovakia. An example of conflict situations in resolving national differences is the armed conflicts engendered by chauvinism and nationalism.

The title nation of Russia

Russia is a multinational state. Today, 180 ethnic groups residing in its territory speak 170 different languages. Nationality "Russian" has 81% of the total population. The definition of a titular nation, it would seem, does not raise questions - they are Russians. But the category of the titular nation is not legally fixed in any document, political scientists and legislators have not finished disputes and negotiations yet.

In one of his speeches, Russian President Vladimir Putin called the list of titular nations: Russians, Tatars, Chechens, Bashkirs, Dagestanis, Jews, and so on.

In Russia, only in the autonomous republics of Chuvashia, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria and Tuva, the percentage of representatives of the titular nation is more than half the total population. But in Chechnya, Russians are only 2%, and 98% are indigenous.

Ignoring the national-religious characteristics, disregard for the traditions of indigenous peoples as the titular nation of certain territories, chauvinistic conclusions of the "most Russians" in recent years in Russia have led to a certain tension in the issue that the titular nation is Russians. Human rights defenders and legislators propose various regulatory acts to secure the titular nation of the Russian Federation.

The multi-ethnic composition of most modern states represents a multifaceted national-ethnic system. The Stockholm International Institute has published a study of global problems, which states that 78% of conflicts with weapons since the mid-1990s are based on interethnic differences. The issues of national self-determination and self-awareness are coming to the fore today. Tolerance and respect for people different from us on any basis is the guarantee of peace and prosperity of mankind on our planet.