Neisseria of gonorrhea: features, possible causes and methods of treatment

Neisseria of gonorrhea causes a disease that is known to people since antiquity. Nobody knows what name she had in those days, but now this disease is known as gonorrhea. This infection exists next to passion, love, sudden attraction or the constant search for new sensations. But no matter how the person met her, the next person to talk with will necessarily be a doctor.

Pathogen of gonorrhea

Neisseria of gonorrhea is a double rounded cell that is stained with aniline dyes in pink. It has a dense three-layered wall and thread-like processes, providing it with reliable fixation inside the body.

After entering the body, the Neisserias are fixed on the code and mucous membranes or even seep through them. But the immune system does not sleep. Leukocytes and neutrophils immediately arrive at the site of implantation and begin to actively "eat" foreign agents. But bacteria do not die, but on the contrary, inside macrophages feel fine, multiply and stimulate the development of inflammation. Those who fall into unequal battle neutrophils accumulate and are excreted from the body in the form of pus.

The time goes by, the infection through the lymphatic vessels spreads first to the neighboring organs, and then throughout the body. Gonococci are extremely stable in the human body. They have what to oppose the action of drugs. Bacteria are converted into an L-form, which can survive in an aggressive environment for a long time. But in the external environment, the Neisserians do not live long. They are afraid of drying, boiling, and also of soap.

Ways of infection and incubation period

Neisseria of gonorrhea can for a long time not manifest itself after infection, therefore the source of infection, as a rule, is a person with a latent course of the disease. There are several ways to get infected:

1. The sexual path is most common among the adult population. Bacteria pass to the sexual partner after unprotected contact. But the probability of developing such a scenario is not absolute. A man has a chance to get infected from a sick woman only twenty percent, but for the fair sex statistics work on the contrary - 80 percent for the fact that unprotected sex with a gonorrhea carrier will end with a visit to the venereologist.
2. Contact and household way. If the house uses common towels, washcloths or bed linen, then less than one percent of cases, it is possible to accidentally become infected. Bacteria live very little outside the human body.
3. Vertical path. A pregnant woman with gonorrhea in the process of giving birth can infect her child. This will be manifested by the defeat of the eyes, the mucous membrane of the mouth or genitals.

The period of asymptomatic reproduction of Neisseria can last from 12 hours to several days or even weeks. The longest clinically registered period is 3 months. Such a wide spread is associated with the features of immunity, its reactivity and general health. As a rule, in men the disease manifests itself four days after infection, and in women - in ten days. Clinically or laboratoryally, an infection can not be detected, but already during this period a person is dangerous to his partner.

Forms of gonorrhea

Symptoms and treatment of gonorrhea depend on how much time has passed since the infection enters the body. There are three forms of the disease:

1. Fresh gonorrhea. It is registered up to two months after the onset of symptoms. It can occur in acute, subacute or torpid form. For the acute form is characterized by a rapid onset, the severity of clinical manifestations, a large amount of pus and the appearance of defects on the skin and mucous membranes. During the subacute form, the symptoms are moderate, but there is still a discomfort. Torpid form differs in the absence of manifestations at all.
2. Chronic gonorrhea. The immune system is exhausted and ceases to resist gonococcal expansion. Bacteria are in the cells of the body for a long time and wait, when the defensive forces will be weakened completely, in order to manifest itself again. The triggering factor can be cold, stress or surgery. Symptoms of this form are weak or absent altogether.
3. Hidden gonorrhea. More common in the fair sex. The woman is the carrier of the infection and its source, but the defenses of the body do not react to bacteria, so there are no symptoms.

Gonorrhea in men: symptoms, signs, treatment

Strangely enough, the clinical pictures of female and male gonorrhea differ.

Neisseria gonorrhea in men causes the appearance of acute inflammation of the mucosal epithelium of the urethra. Symptoms cause severe discomfort, so these patients urgently seek medical attention. The disease is characterized by a certain combination of symptoms:

• Urethritis, manifested by the expansion of capillaries, increased blood flow and swelling of tissues. Pain and itching at the entrance gate of infection are some of the first manifestations of gonorrhea. The pain appears in the morning, and the first urination causes a sharp burning pain.
• Discharge from the urethra. In addition to physiological excretions, i.e. urine, thick yellow or brown pus appears. If the process has gone very far, then a small amount of blood may appear.
• And the last symptom of any inflammatory reaction is the temperature rise to subfebrile or febrile digits. At occurrence of complications fever up to 40 degrees is possible. After three days, all the symptoms of the disease gradually disappear, and the infection passes into a subacute or torpid form.

Symptoms in Women

Neisseria gonorrhea in women does not cause pronounced symptoms of the disease. Only a tenth of the women who fall into the risk group go to the doctor for help or advice. Experts recommend conducting diagnostics if the husband or partner has fresh manifestations of gonorrhea.

In rare cases, the disease manifests itself as mucous or purulent secretions from the genital tract in the morning, signs of inflammation of the urethra and / or vagina with itching, burning during sexual intercourse or urination. Against this background, the body temperature may rise to subfebrile digits.

Manifestation of the disease in newborns

Neisseria of gonorrhea in children of the first month of life can affect the eyes, nasal mucosa, urethra and vagina, as well as provoke the development of sepsis. This occurs if the mother at the time of delivery has a fresh form of gonorrhea.

3-5 days after birth, children become restless, refuse food, sleep badly. They may have pathological discharge from the eyes or genital tract. Since the disease in women can be asymptomatic, all newborns are prevented by a drop in the eye and nose "Albucida."

Lesion of organs outside the reproductive system

In addition to pelvic organs in women and men, secondary excretory screenings throughout the body are possible. Sites that affect gonorrhea:

1. Leather. This is a fairly rare complication, possible when bacteria hit the open wound surface. The inflammatory response develops at the site of introduction: a small sore (up to 2 cm in diameter), painful. Typical localization - hips and crotch.
2. Eyes. Non-observance of personal hygiene after visiting the toilet can lead to contamination by neisseria of the mucous eye. This condition is called gonococcal conjunctivitis. It manifests itself in the form of redness of the eyes, bleeding, swelling and discharge of pus from the conjunctiva, photophobia and lacrimation. If the process is ignored, it can result in the appearance of ulcers on the cornea.
3. Throat and mouth. Most often asymptomatic. Specialists note slight reddening of the mucosa, puffiness of the pharyngeal tonsils, presence of pale yellow plaque. There may be symptoms of gingivitis and stomatitis, but patients, as a rule, do not connect them with gonorrhea.
4. Rectum. Women are more often ill because of the peculiarities of the structure of the perineum. Is manifested by constipation, false urges on defecation, itching and burning in the anus, the presence of pathological discharge, such as blood and pus.

Diagnostics

Neisseria gonorrhea, or gonococcus, causes a disease, the diagnosis of which in the acute period is fairly simple. If the doctor has correctly collected the anamnesis and conducted the necessary examination, the conclusion will not keep you waiting. But according to the protocol, the venereologist must take the material for bacterial research, and also ask the patient to bring his sexual partner to the next appointment.

From laboratory tests can be used:

• A smear from the urethra (sometimes a provocation is necessary so that the pathogen emerges from the cells and appears in the lumen of the urethra);
• Sowing on nutrient media;
• PCR (detection of gonorrhea neisseria in the blood);

Provocation can be carried out in several ways:

1. Introduction of gonococcal vaccine.
2. Irrigating the urethra with Lugol's solution.
3. Buzhirovanie the urethra.
4. Eating spicy or salty foods.

Treatment

Treatment for gonorrhea in men and women is the same. Everything comes down to taking antibacterial drugs, to which this pathogen is sensitive. As a rule, these are cephalosporins of 3-4 generations and protected penicillins. They can be used both separately and together.

If there is no joining of another sexual infection or fungal flora, then this treatment ends. The doctor performs control tests two weeks after the start of therapy.