Myopia of the eye: symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment

Myopia of the eye is a visual impairment. The focus of the image in this pathology occurs not in the retina itself, but in front of it. Therefore, a person sees distant objects blurry and fuzzy, although objects that are at close range, they differ well. By the way, in Russian, myopia is also called myopia.

Today we will consider the causes of myopia, as well as ways of treatment and prevention of this disease.

The causes of myopia

The described pathology, according to many experts, is a hereditary disease. It has been scientifically proven that the myopia of the eye in children is directly related to the state of vision of their parents. If my mother and father are nearsighted, the risk of developing this disease in a child is about 50%! If the parents have normal vision, then it drops to 10%.

• An important role in the development of myopia is played by large visual loads. Thus, it is proved that most often pathology develops in schoolchildren and students, that is, those whose load on the eyes is maximally strong.
• The correct correction of vision is important - during the first selection of lenses it is necessary to be precise in determining the strength of the patient's vision and to exclude false myopia.
• Malnutrition can also contribute to the development of myopia. If the diet is poor in vitamins and microelements that feed the tissues that make up the sclera, then the probability of the appearance of myopia increases many times.
• Disturbances in the blood supply to the eye also lead to the development of myopia.

Symptoms of myopia

As you have probably already realized, the main sign of myopia is a decrease in the clarity of the image when looking at distant objects. Man, trying to make the image more clear, squinting, straining his eyes, but objects located near, such a patient sees well. In addition to this obvious symptom, myopia is characterized by eye fatigue and headaches.

As a rule, the first signs of a change in vision begin to appear in a child from seven to twelve years of age. By the way, in women, the myopia of the eye progresses to 20 years, and in men - to 22. And then the eyesight stabilizes, although sometimes it can deteriorate.

Degrees of myopia

Specialists-ophthalmologists differ in three degrees of myopia:

1. Myopia of the eye of a weak degree is fixed if the vision remains at the level of three diopters.
2. Medium degree - if the level of vision falls from three to six diopters.
3. A high degree is characterized by impaired vision of more than six diopters.

Depending on the clinical course, myopia can be progressive or stationary. To the first case, the disease is attributed, which requires an annual increase in one dioptric power of the lens. And this, in turn, can lead to serious complications, up to a disability in sight, requiring prompt intervention.

Steady (non-progressive myopia) is a violation of refraction (the process of refraction of light in the organs of vision). It requires only correction of vision and does not need treatment.

Because of what there is a myopia of eyes

According to experts, manifestations of the described disease are associated with the weakness of accommodation. So called in medicine the ability to change the refractive power of the eye to perceive objects that are at different distances. An important role in the development of this pathology is also played by the overvoltage of convergence (this is how the ability to note visual eyes on the object under consideration is determined).

Myopia of the eye is provoked to no small degree by stretching the posterior part of the eye, which occurs after the cessation of its growth. This stretching provokes a change in the anatomical structure of the eye. And especially strongly affect the clarity of vision of the retina, as well as the choroid of the eyeball. They lead to the typical for myopia changes in the fundus. Stretching, as a rule, is accompanied by the fragility of the vessels with small bruises and in the vitreous body, and the retina. And the slow resolution of these hemorrhages causes turbidity in the vitreous.

Correction of mild myopia

Myopia of weak degree of both eyes (up to 3 diopters) in medicine is considered rather not a disease, but a feature of vision. This pathology at the present time is, unfortunately, very common. But since it can progress, this change in sight can not be ignored.

A weak myopia is treated with correction. Glasses correct violations of refraction, which provoke a weakening of vision. To correct the use of scattering glasses. By the way, they are offered to be worn if necessary, since constant wearing can cause overstrain of accommodation and, as a consequence, impairment of vision.

When appointing glasses necessarily takes note of the degree of myopia. Therefore, to avoid mistakes in false myopia, children and adolescents are buried atropine in the eyes, and in the state of relaxation of the ciliary muscle determine visual acuity.

In addition to eye correction, special eye exercises are applied , as well as medicines that relieve cramps in the eye muscles. It is also important to strengthen the body, it has a beneficial effect on the person's condition, and therefore, his vision: swimming, therapeutic exercises, massage, etc. Proper nutrition will also help in this fight.

Refractive surgery with mild myopia

A very effective method of treating myopia of a weak degree is LASIK surgery, which involves the use of a laser to correct a defect in the cornea. This correction allows light to focus on the retina, and vision becomes normal.

Myopia of an average eye

This degree of myopia is up to 6 diopters. Such patients have to use, as a rule, two pairs of glasses. Some are for dal (with full correction), and others - for reading or working (for 1-3 diopters less). But in this case, apply bifocal glasses for permanent wearing. In them, the upper part of the glass is intended for viewing distant objects, the lower part for close ones.

Like weak myopia, the average degree of myopia can progress. And to avoid this, the patient is offered surgical intervention. It does not improve vision, but only stops its deterioration. This method is called scleroplasty. It promotes an increase in the number of vessels and, as a consequence, an improvement in the feeding of the posterior pole of the eye, which leads to stabilization of the patient's condition.